I-sodium borohydrideiyimpuphu emhlophe ekristalu enefomula yamakhemikhali i-NaBH4. Iyi-ejenti enamandla yokunciphisa esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo. Le nhlanganisela ayibalulekile nje kuphela kumakhemikhali e-organic, kodwa futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kwemvelo, ngisho nasemithini yezokwelapha. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola ukusetshenziswa okunezinhlangothi eziningi kwe-sodium borohydride kanye nokubaluleka kwayo emikhakheni ehlukene.
Ama-ejenti okunciphisa kumakhemikhali e-organic
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-sodium borohydride indima yayo njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa kumakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni ama-aldehydes nama-ketone kuma-alcohols ahambisanayo. Lokhu kusabela kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, okwenza i-sodium borohydride ibe yinto eluhlaza eyinhloko ezindaweni zelebhu kanye nezimboni. Amandla ayo okunciphisa ngokukhetha amaqembu asebenzayo enza osokhemisi bakwazi ukudala ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi ngokunemba, okwenza kube ithuluzi eliwusizo emkhakheni wokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Izithako eziyinhloko zomuthi
I-sodium borohydrideisetshenziswa futhi embonini yezemithi, ikakhulukazi njenge-hydrogenating agent ye-dihydrostreptomycin, i-antibiotic esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sofuba. Inqubo yokunciphisa ekhuthazwa yi-sodium borohydride ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwalesi sidakamizwa esibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sodium borohydride ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-intermediate ekukhiqizweni kwe-PBH (polyborohydride) futhi isetshenziswa ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. Indima yayo kwezokwelapha igcizelela ukubaluleka kwe-sodium borohydride ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi esindisa impilo.
Thuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza
Ekwenzeni,i-sodium borohydrideisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokufutha ngepulasitiki. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zepulasitiki ezilula nezihlala isikhathi eside. Ngokufaka i-sodium borohydride ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, inkampani ingakha igwebu elingagcini nje ngokuba namandla kodwa futhi elinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela ukushisa. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kwakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo esukela ezintweni zokupakisha kuya ezingxenyeni zezimoto.
Isicelo Semvelo
I-sodium borohydrideIsebenzisa izinto ezingaphezu kwezindlela zamakhemikhali zendabuko. Iphinde idlale indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwemvelo. Enye indlela ephawulekayo yokusebenzisa njenge-ejenti yokwelapha amanzi angcolile e-mercury. I-Mercury iyinsimbi esindayo enobuthi ebeka izingozi ezinkulu emvelweni nasempilweni. I-sodium borohydride inganciphisa ngempumelelo ama-ion e-mercury emanzini angcolile futhi iwaguqule abe amafomu angenangozi kangako. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lubalulekile ezimbonini ezibhekene nokungcola kwensimbi esindayo, okusiza ekunciphiseni ukungcola kwemvelo nokuvikela imvelo.
Indima embonini yephepha
Imboni yephepha iyaqaphela nezinzuzo ze-sodium borohydride. Isetshenziswa enkambisweni yokumhlopheza ukusiza ukunciphisa umbala we-pulp yokhuni, okuholela kumkhiqizo wephepha okhanyayo nomhlophe. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza alugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina kodwa futhi lusiza emikhubeni eqhubekayo ngokunciphisa isidingo samakhemikhali aqinile enkambisweni yokumhlopheza.
I-sodium borohydrideiyinhlanganisela emangalisayo enezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo kuzo zonke izimboni. Kusukela endimeni yayo njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa kumakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi, ukukhiqiza, ukuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nokwenza amaphepha, i-sodium borohydride ibonakale iyithuluzi elibalulekile kwisayensi yanamuhla kanye nemboni. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka nokuthola ukusetshenziswa okusha kwale nhlanganisela eguquguqukayo, ukubaluleka kwayo cishe kuzokwanda, okwenza kube ngumdlali obalulekile ekuqhubekeni kokuphishekela izinto ezintsha kanye nokusimama. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungusokhemisi, umkhiqizi, noma isazi sezemvelo, ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-sodium borohydride kunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngomthelela wayo emhlabeni wethu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-18-2024