Ezweni elihlala livela lamakhemikhali, izinhlanganisela ezithile zigqama ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo kanye nobubanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza. Enye inhlanganisela enjalo i-amyl nitrite. I-Amyl nitrite yaziwa ngezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele futhi iyimpahla ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwezinto eziphilayo, ukulungiswa kwamakha, nanjengama-oxidants nezinyibilikisi. Le bhulogi icubungula ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-amyl nitrite, igqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Iyini i-amyl nitrite?
I-Amyl nitrite, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-isoamyl nitrite, iyinhlanganisela ye-organic enefomula yamakhemikhali C5H11NO2. Iyilungu lomndeni we-alkyl nitrite futhi ibonakala ngokuba khona kweqembu le-nitrite (-ONO) elixhunywe ku-alkyl chain. I-Amyl nitrite iwuketshezi oluphuzi ngokukhanyayo olunephunga eliyingqayizivele lezithelo okulula ukulibona.
Isicelo ku-organic synthesis
Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhului-amyl nitriteiku-organic synthesis. Ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuhilela ukwakha ama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo ayinkimbinkimbi asuka kuma- molecule alula futhi kuyinqubo eyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kwezidakamizwa, amakhemikhali ezolimo neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali. I-Amyl nitrite isetshenziswa njenge-reagent ekuphenduleni okuhlukahlukene kwe-organic ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela ezifunwayo.
Isibonelo, i-amyl nitrite ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nitroso compounds, okuyizici ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni odayi, izithasiselo zenjoloba kanye nemithi. Ikhono layo lokuhlinzeka ngamaqembu e-nitroso (-NO) likwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile lamakhemikhali ukudala izakhiwo ezithile zamangqamuzana.
Ukulungiselela izinongo
Umhlaba wokudla nawo uzuza ezinhlelweni eziyingqayizivele ze-amyl nitrite. Lapho kulungiswa izinongo, i-amyl nitrite isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka nephunga. Iphunga layo elinezithelo lengeza ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele emixubeni yezinongo, okuyenza ibe isithako esidumile embonini yokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima ye-amyl nitrite ekuhlanganiseni izinhlanganisela ze-flavour ayikwazi ukweqiwa. Kuyingqalabutho kuma-esters namanye ama-flavour agents ahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo ezicebile zama-flavour namaphunga kuma-cuisines emhlabeni jikelele.
I-oxidizing ejenti kanye nezakhiwo ze-solvent
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-amyl nitrite akukhawulelwe ekuhlanganiseni nasekufakeni ukunambitheka. Ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-ejenti ye-oxidizing kanye ne-solvent ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. Njenge-oxidizing agent, i-amyl nitrite ikhuthaza ukuxutshwa kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo, isinyathelo esibalulekile ezinkambisweni eziningi zezimboni nezaselabhorethri.
Ukwengeza, izakhiwo zayo ze-solvent ziyenza ifanelekele ukuncibilikisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ocwaningweni lwamakhemikhali nasekukhiqizeni, lapho i-amyl nitrite ingasetshenziswa ukudala izixazululo ezifanayo futhi kube lula ukusabela.
Ukuphepha kanye Nemisebenzi
Nakuba i-amyl nitrite inezinzuzo eziningi, kufanele isingathwe ngokucophelela. Inhlanganisela ivutha kakhulu futhi ingaba yingozi empilweni uma ihogeliwe noma imunyisiwe. Ukugcinwa okufanele, ukungena komoya, nezinto zokuzivikela kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha lapho usebenza ne-amyl nitrite.
Ngokufigqiwe
I-Amyl nitrite iyinhlanganisela enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu futhi inamathemba okusebenza abanzi. Kusukela endimeni yayo eyinhloko ekuhlanganiseni kwezinto eziphilayo kuya ekufakeni kwayo iphunga elimnandi kanye nokusebenza kwayo njenge-oxidizing ejenti nesincibilikisi, i-amyl nitrite ihlanganisa ukuguquguquka nokuqanjwa okukhona kukhemistri yesimanje. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, isidingo salezi zinhlanganisela ezixubile sizokhula kuphela, sigqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda nokusebenzisa amandla azo. Noma ngabe ungusokhemisi, usosayensi wokudla noma umkhiqizi wezimboni, i-amyl nitrite inikeza umhlaba wamathuba alindele ukubhekwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-19-2024