Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali kuyisici esibalulekile socwaningo lwesayensi lwanamuhla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Kuhilela ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali amasha ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene, futhi i-reagent eyodwa ebalulekile edlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo yi-sodium cyanoborohydride.
I-Sodium cyanoborohydride, ngefomula yamakhemikhali i-NaBH3CN, iyi-ejenti yokunciphisa enamandla esebenza ngemisebenzi eminingi evame ukusetshenziswa kumakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Ibaluleke kakhulu ngekhono layo lokunciphisa ngokukhetha ama-aldehyde nama-ketone kuma-alcohol awo, okwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni imithi, amakhemikhali amahle, kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanoborohydride njenge-reducing agent yizimo zayo zokusabela okuncane. Ngokungafani nezinye izinto zokunciphisa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-lithium aluminium hydride,i-sodium cyanoborohydrideisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithambile, okwenza kube kuphephile futhi kube lula ukuyisebenzisa ezindaweni zelebhu. Lokhu kuthambile kuvumela nokulawula okungcono kokusabela, kunciphisa ingozi yokusabela okungafuneki noma ukunciphisa ngokweqile ama-compounds aqondiwe.
Enye inzuzo enkulu yokuthii-sodium cyanoborohydrideukukhetha kwayo okuphezulu. Uma isetshenziswa ukunciphisa ama-carbonyl compounds, ngokuvamile igwema ukuphazamisa amanye amaqembu asebenzayo akhona ku-molecule, okuholela ekusabeleni okuhlanzekile nokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kukhetha kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi e-organic, lapho ukulondolozwa kwamanye amaqembu asebenzayo kuvame ukuba yinto ebalulekile esakhiweni samakhemikhali nezakhiwo ezifiselekayo.
Ngaphezu kokuba yi-ejenti yokunciphisa,i-sodium cyanoborohydrideingasetshenziswa kwezinye izinguquko zamakhemikhali. Ingasetshenziswa ekunciphiseni ukuhlanganiswa kwama-aldehyde nama-ketone, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene e-heterocyclic. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokuhambisana kwayo namaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenzayo kwenza kube ithuluzi eliwusizo kosokhemisi ababhekene nezinselele ezahlukahlukene zokwenziwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho,i-sodium cyanoborohydrideyaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo kanye nokulula kokuphatha. Ngokungafani nezinye izinto zokusabela, ingagcinwa futhi ithuthwe ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuqapha eziqinile, okwenza ibe usizo kakhulu ezindaweni zezemfundo nezezimboni.
Nakubai-sodium cyanoborohydrideinezinzuzo eziningi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, njenganoma iyiphi i-ejenti yamakhemikhali, kufanele iphathwe ngokucophelela futhi ilandele izinqubo zokuphepha ezifanele. Nakuba ibhekwa njengephephile kunezinye i-ejenti zokunciphisa ezinye izindlela, iseyikhemikhali enamandla futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sosokhemisi onolwazi.
Ekuphetheni,i-sodium cyanoborohydrideidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi ekunciphiseni amakhemikhali e-carbonyl kanye nezinye izinguquko ezihlobene. Izimo zayo zokusabela okuncane, ukukhetha okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokuqina kwenza kube yimpahla ebalulekile ebhokisini lamathuluzi losokhemisi bokwenziwa. Njengoba ucwaningo nentuthuko emkhakheni wekhemistri yezinto eziphilayo luqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukubalulekai-sodium cyanoborohydrideekwenzeni kube nokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali amasha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali amasha cishe kuzohlala kubalulekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-29-2024