Ukwembula amandla e-sodium hydride: ithuluzi eliguquguqukayo ekuhlanganisweni kwamakhemikhali

I-sodium hydrideiyi-reagent enamandla futhi eguquguqukayo ebilokhu iyitshe lesisekelo lokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali amashumi eminyaka. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuyenza ithuluzi elibalulekile kubacwaningi kanye nosokhemisi. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola umhlaba othakazelisayo we-sodium hydride futhi sihlole indima yayo kumakhemikhali wanamuhla.

I-sodium hydride, ifomula yamakhemikhali i-NaH, iyinhlanganisela eqinile eyakhiwe yi-sodium cations kanye nama-anion e-hydride. Yaziwa ngezakhiwo zayo zokunciphisa ezinamandla futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesisekelo ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Esinye sezimfanelo zayo ezibalulekile yikhono lokususa i-protonate ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile yokulungisa izinhlobo eziningi zama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo.

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-sodium hydride ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali e-organometallic. Ngokusebenzisa i-sodium hydride nama-organohalides noma amanye ama-electrophile, osokhemisi bangakhiqiza amakhemikhali e-organonadium, okuyizinto ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemithi, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha.

I-sodium hydrideidlala indima ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni ama-reagent e-Grignard abaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokuphendula i-sodium hydride ne-magnesium halide, osokhemisi bangakha ama-reagent e-Grignard, asetshenziswa kabanzi ukwakha izibopho ze-carbon-carbon nokungenisa amaqembu asebenzayo kuma-molecule ezinto eziphilayo.

Ngaphezu kwendima yayo kumakhemikhali e-organometallic, i-sodium hydride isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwemithi ehlukahlukene kanye namakhemikhali amahle. Amandla ayo okususa ama-proteoning ngokukhetha amaqembu athile asebenzayo ayenza ibe ithuluzi eliwusizo kosokhemisi abasebenza ekutholeni nasekuthuthukiseni izidakamizwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho,i-sodium hydrideIphinde ibe nezinhlelo zokusebenza kumakhemikhali e-polymer, lapho ingasetshenziswa khona ekuguqulweni kwama-polymer kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-polymer akhethekile anezakhiwo eziklanyelwe wona. Ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kanye nokukhetha kwayo kwenza kube yi-reagent ekhethwayo yokuguqulwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwisayensi ye-polymer.

Nakuba isetshenziswa kabanzi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-sodium hydride kufanele iphathwe ngokucophelela ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ze-pyrophoric. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha kufanele zilandelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwalesi sidakamizwa elabhorethri.

Ngokufigqiwe,i-sodium hydrideiyithuluzi elisebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi futhi elibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwamakhemikhali. Ukusebenza kwayo okuyingqayizivele kanye nokusebenza okubanzi kwenza kube yinto ebalulekile kuphothifoliyo yamakhemikhali okwenziwa. Njengoba ucwaningo lwe-organic kanye ne-organometallic chemistry luqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukubaluleka kwe-sodium hydride ekwakheni isimo sesimanje sokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali akunakuphikiswa.