I-Ammonium molybdate, inhlanganisela engeyona into ephilayo eyakhiwe yi-molybdenum, i-oxygen, i-nitrogen, kanye nezakhi ze-hydrogen (ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-ammonium tetramolybdate noma i-ammonium heptamolybdate), sekuyisikhathi eside idlula indima yayo njenge-reagent yelabhorethri ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile - umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-catalytic, ikhono lokwenza ama-precipitates noma ama-complexes ane-phosphate ions, kanye nekhono lokubola libe yi-molybdenum oxides esebenzayo noma i-metallic molybdenum ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Isibe yitshe lesisekelo lamakhemikhali elibalulekile elisekela izinkambu eziningi ezibalulekile njengemboni yesimanje, ezolimo, isayensi yezinto zokwakha, kanye nokuhlolwa kwemvelo.
1. Injini eyinhloko emkhakheni we-catalysis: ukushayela amandla ahlanzekile kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali esebenza kahle
Emkhakheni we-catalysis,i-ammonium molybdateingabhekwa “njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zetshe legumbi”. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukukhiqiza ama-catalyst okucubungula amanzi (i-HDS catalyst yokususa i-sulfurization, i-HDN catalyst yokususa i-nitrification). Uma sibheka ukuhluzwa kwephethiloli njengesibonelo, iningi le-ammonium molybdate esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke isetshenziselwa le njongo:
Ukususwa kwe-sulfurization okujulile kanye nokususwa kwe-nitrification: I-molybdenum oxide ekhiqizwa ukubola kwe-ammonium molybdate ilayishwa ku-alumina carrier futhi ihlanganiswe ne-cobalt noma i-nickel oxides ukwakha isandulela sengxenye esebenzayo ye-catalyst. Le catalyst ingabola futhi iguqule ama-sulfide e-organic (njenge-thiophene) kanye nama-nitride e-organic ku-oyili oluhlaza kanye nezingxenyana zawo (njengedizili kanye nophethiloli) zibe yi-hydrogen sulfide, i-ammonia, nama-hydrocarbon agcwele ahlukaniseka kalula endaweni ye-hydrogen enokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur kwamafutha ezimoto (kuhlangabezana nemithethonqubo yezemvelo eqinile njengezindinganiso ze-Euro VI), kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemvula ye-acid kanye ne-PM2.5 precursor SOx, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzinza kukaphethiloli kanye nokusebenza kwenjini.
Ukwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza: Enqubweni yokukhetha i-hydrogenation yokuxuba amalahle, ukuhluzwa kwe-hydrogenation kawoyela namafutha ukuze kukhiqizwe uwoyela wemifino noma i-biodiesel yezinga lokudla, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali e-organic, ama-catalyst asekelwe ku-ammonium molybdate nawo adlala indima ebalulekile, eqhuba ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo nokuhlanzekile kwesondo elikhulu.
2. Umbusi we-chemistry yokuhlaziya: "iso legolide" lokuthola okunembile
"Indlela eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-molybdenum" eyasungulwa yi-ammonium molybdate kumakhemikhali okuhlaziya iyindinganiso yegolide yokuthola i-phosphate ngobuningi (PO ₄³ ⁻), eye yaba khona
ihlolwe iminyaka eyikhulu:
Isimiso sokuthuthukiswa kombala: Endaweni ene-acidic, ama-ion e-phosphate asabela ne-ammonium molybdate ukuze akhe i-yellow phosphomolybdic acid complex. Le complex ingancishiswa ngokukhetha ngokusebenzisa ama-reducing agents afana ne-ascorbic acid kanye ne-stannous chloride, okukhiqiza umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ojulile "we-molybdenum blue". Ukujula kombala wayo kuhambisana ngokuqinile nokuhlushwa kwe-phosphate ku-wavelength ethile (njenge-880nm).
Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi: Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuqapheni imvelo (ukuhlolwa kwengozi ye-eutrophication emanzini angaphezulu kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus emanzini angcolile), ucwaningo lwezolimo (ukunqunywa kokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus etholakala enhlabathini okutholakalayo kwe-phosphorus kanye nomanyolo), imboni yokudla (ukulawulwa kokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus eziphuzweni nasezithasiselweni), kanye ne-biochemistry (ukuhlaziywa kwe-phosphorus engaphili ku-serum kanye nama-metabolites eseli) ngenxa yokuzwela kwayo okuphezulu (izinga lokulandelela elilinganiswayo), ukusebenza okulula, kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Inikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha okuthembekile kokuvikelwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi, umanyolo onembile, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi yokuphila.
3. Indima ephindwe kabili yokucubungula insimbi kanye ne-metallurgy: uchwepheshe ekuvikeleni nasekuhlanzeni
Isithiyo sokugqwala esisebenzayo: I-Ammonium molybdate isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesithiyo sokugqwala esinobuthi ekuphathweni kwamanzi ezimbonini (njengezinhlelo ezinkulu zamanzi okupholisa umoya opholile, amanzi okuphakelwa kwebhoyila) kanye nesithokozisi senjini yezimoto ngenxa yobungani bayo bemvelo (ubuthi obuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-chromate) kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu. I-oxidizes ebusweni bezinsimbi (ikakhulukazi insimbi ne-aluminium alloys) ukuze yakhe ifilimu yokuphasiswa egxile ku-molybdenum eqinile futhi enamathelayo kakhulu (njenge-iron molybdate kanye ne-calcium molybdate), ivimbela ngempumelelo ukugqwala kwe-substrate ngamanzi, i-oxygen encibilikisiwe, kanye nama-ion agqwalisayo (njenge-Cl ⁻), yandisa kakhulu impilo yenkonzo yemishini.
Umthombo we-molybdenum yensimbi kanye nama-alloy: i-ammonium molybdate ehlanzekile kakhulu iyisandulela esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza i-powder ye-molybdenum yensimbi ehlanzekile kakhulu. I-powder ye-molybdenum ehlangabezana nezidingo ze-powder metallurgy ingakhiqizwa ngokulawulwa okunembile kwezinqubo ze-calcination kanye nokunciphisa (ngokuvamile emoyeni we-hydrogen). Lawa ma-powder e-molybdenum angacutshungulwa kabanzi ukuze akhiqize izakhi zokushisa zesithando sokushisa okuphezulu, izinto ezisetshenziswa embonini ye-semiconductor, ama-alloy e-molybdenum asebenza kahle kakhulu (njenge-alloy ye-molybdenum titanium zirconium esetshenziselwa izingxenye zezindiza ezishisa kakhulu), kanye nemikhiqizo ephezulu njengezinhloso zokuphalaza.
4. Ezolimo: 'Umkhosi Wokuphila' Wezinto Ezilandelwayo
I-Molybdenum ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezitshalweni futhi ibalulekile emsebenzini we-nitrogenase kanye ne-nitrate reductase
Umanyolo we-Molybdenum: I-Ammonium molybdate (ikakhulukazi i-ammonium tetramolybdate) iyinto eyinhloko yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-molybdenum osebenza kahle ngenxa yokuncibilika kwawo emanzini kanye nokutholakala kwawo. Ukufakwa ngqo noma ukufafazwa njengomanyolo wamaqabunga kungavimbela futhi kulungise izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-molybdenum (njengokuphuzi kwamaqabunga, ukukhubazeka – “isifo somsila we-whip”, ukuvinjelwa kokukhula) ezitshalweni zemifino (njenge-soybean kanye ne-alfalfa ezithembele ku-rhizobia ukuze zifake i-nitrogen) kanye nezitshalo ze-cruciferous (njenge-cauliflower kanye ne-rapeseed).
Ukwandisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe: Ukwengeza ngokwanele umanyolo we-ammonium molybdate kungakhuthaza kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-metabolism ye-nitrogen yezitshalo, kuthuthukise ukwakheka kwamaprotheni, kuqinise ukumelana nokucindezeleka, futhi ekugcineni kuthuthukise isivuno sezitshalo kanye nekhwalithi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikeleka kokudla kanye nentuthuko yezolimo esimeme.
5. Isayensi Yezinto Ezisetshenziswayo: 'Umthombo Wokuhlakanipha' Wezinto Ezisebenzayo
Amandla okuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali e-ammonium molybdate ahlinzeka ngendlela ebalulekile yokwenziwa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe:
Izinto zobumba ezisebenzayo kanye nezinto zokwandulela ukumbozwa: ngokusebenzisa ijeli ye-sol, ukomisa nge-spray, ukubola kokushisa kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, isixazululo se-ammonium molybdate singasetshenziswa njengesandulela sokulungiselela izimpushana ze-ceramic ezisekelwe ku-molybdenum (njengezinto zobumba ze-lead molybdate piezoelectric) ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile zikagesi, ze-optical noma ze-catalytic, kanye nezinto zokwandulela ezisebenzayo (njengezinto zokwaleka ezingagugi, izinto zokwaleka zokulawula ukushisa).
Indawo yokuqala yamakhemikhali amasha e-molybdenum: Njengomthombo we-molybdenum, i-ammonium molybdate isetshenziswa kabanzi ezisetshenzisweni zelebhu kanye nezimboni ukuhlanganisa i-molybdenum disulfide (i-MoS ₂, i-lubricant eqinile, i-lithium negative electrode material), i-polyoxometalates esekelwe ku-molybdenum (i-polyoxometalates enezakhiwo ze-catalytic, antiviral, magnetic nezinye), kanye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo zama-molybdates (njengezinto ze-photocatalytic, izinto ze-fluorescent).
6. Imboni ye-elekthronikhi: "iqhawe elingemuva kwezigcawu" lokukhiqiza ngokunemba
Ekukhiqizeni ngokunemba kwe-elekthronikhi, i-ammonium molybdate ithole nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile:
Isithuthukisi esivimba amalangabi: Amanye amafomula aqukethe i-ammonium molybdate asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinto ze-polymer (njengezendlalelo zokuvimbela ipulasitiki zezintambo nezintambo, ama-substrates ebhodi lesifunda), ngokukhuthaza i-carbonization nokushintsha indlela yokubola kokushisa, ukuthuthukisa isilinganiso sokuvimba amalangabi kanye nokusebenza kokucindezela intuthu kwezinto.
Izingxenye zokufaka i-electroplating kanye ne-chemical plating: Ezinqubweni ezithile zokufaka i-alloy electroplating noma i-chemical plating, i-ammonium molybdate ingasetshenziswa njengesithasiselo sokuthuthukisa ukucwebezela, ukumelana nokuguguleka, noma ukumelana nokugqwala kwengubo.
Kusukela enhliziyweni yokucwenga uwoyela eqhuba imikhumbi emikhulu ohambweni olude kuya esivikelweni sokuvimbela ukugqwala esivikela izinsimbi ezinembile; Kusukela ku-reagent ezwelayo eveza umkhondo wezinto ze-phosphorus ezweni elincane kakhulu, kuya ku-messenger yezinto ezilandelanayo ezondla amasimu amakhulu; Kusukela emathanjeni aqinile ezinsimbi ezishisayo eziphakeme kuya emthonjeni omusha wezinto ezisebenzayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu - imephu yesicelo sei-ammonium molybdate– kuqinisekisa ngokujulile isikhundla esiyinhloko samakhemikhali ayisisekelo empucukweni yezobuchwepheshe yanamuhla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-05-2025