Ukubuyekezwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-periodic acid

i-asidi yesikhathi(HIO ₄) iyi-asidi eqinile engeyona into ephilayo ebalulekile enezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo njenge-oxidant emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi neyezimboni. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza isingeniso esiningiliziwe ngezici zale nhlanganisela ekhethekile kanye nezicelo zayo ezibalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-periodic acid
I-Periodate iyi-asidi ephezulu kakhulu ye-iodine equkethe i-oxygen state (+7 valence), evame ukuba khona ngamakristalu angenambala noma ngesimo sempuphu emhlophe. Inezici ezilandelayo ezibalulekile:

Amandla aqinile okuxilisa:Njengoba inamandla okunciphisa ajwayelekile afinyelela ku-1.6V, ingaxuba amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene e-organic kanye ne-inorganic

Ukuncibilika kwamanzi:Incibilika kakhulu emanzini, yakha ikhambi elingenambala

Ukungazinzi kokushisa:izobola uma ishiswa ngaphezu kuka-100°C

Ubumuncu:ingeye-asidi enamandla, ihlukana ngokuphelele nesisombululo samanzi

Izindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa
1. Izicelo ku-Analytical Chemistry
(1) Ukusabela kwe-Malaprade
Ukusetshenziswa okudumile kakhulu kwe-periodic acid kusekuhlaziyweni kwamakhemikhali kwama-carbohydrate. Ingaxuba futhi iphule izakhiwo ze-diol eziseduze (njenge-cis diols kuma-molecule ama-carbohydrate) ukuze ikhiqize ama-aldehyde noma ama-ketone ahambisanayo. Lokhu kusabela kusetshenziswa kabanzi ku:
-Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo se-polysaccharide
-Ukunqunywa kwesakhiwo seketanga likashukela kuma-glycoprotein
-Ukuhlaziywa kokulandelana kwe-Nucleotide

(2) Ukunqunywa kwenhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo
Indlela ye-periodate oxidation ingasetshenziswa ukunquma:
-I-Glycerol kanye nokuqukethwe kwayo kwama-esters
- Okuqukethwe kwe-Alpha amino acid
-Ama-compound athile e-phenolic

2. Izicelo kwiSayensi Yezinto Ezisetshenziswayo
(1) Imboni ye-elekthronikhi
-Ukwelashwa kobuso bezinto ze-semiconductor
-Ukuqoshwa okuncane kwamabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB)
-Ukuhlanza izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi
(2) Ukucubungula insimbi
-Ukwelashwa kwensimbi engagqwali nge-passivation surface
-Ukuhlanza ubuso bensimbi kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambili
-Izinyathelo zokufaka i-oxidation enqubweni ye-electroplating

3. Insimu yezokwelapha
(1) Ukupenda nge-histological
Indlela yokufaka imibala ye-periodic acid Schiff (PAS) iyindlela ebalulekile ekuxilongweni kwe-pathological:
-Isetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-polysaccharides nama-glycoprotein ezicutshini
-Ukuboniswa kwe-basement membrane, udonga lweseli lesikhunta kanye nezinye izakhiwo
-Ukuxilongwa okusizayo kwezimila ezithile

(2) Amamaki e-biomolecular
-Ukuhlaziywa kwezindawo ze-protein glycosylation
-Ucwaningo ngezinhlanganisela zikashukela ebusweni bamaseli

4. Izicelo ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo
Njenge-oxidant ekhethiwe, ihlanganyela ekuphenduleni okuhlukahlukene kwezinto eziphilayo:
-I-Cis dihydroxylation yama-olefin
-Ukukhetha i-oxidation yama-alcohol
-Ukusabela kokususwa kwamaqembu athile okuvikela

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Kufanele uqaphele uma usebenzisa i-periodic acid:
1. Ukugqwala: Ukugqwala okunamandla esikhumbeni, emehlweni, kanye nasezingxeni zamathumbu
2. Ingozi yokubola kwe-oxidation: Ukuthintana nezinto eziphilayo kungabangela umlilo noma ukuqhuma
3. Izidingo zokugcina: Gcina kude nokukhanya, kuvaliwe, futhi endaweni epholile
4. Ukuzivikela komuntu siqu: Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuhlola, kufanele kugqokwe izibuko zokuzivikela, amagilavu, kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela

Ngokuthuthuka kwamasu okuhlaziya kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, amasimu okusetshenziswa kwe-periodic acid asakhula.
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezincane: njenge-oxidant ehilelekile ekulungiseleleni izinto ezithile ezincane
Amasu amasha okuhlaziya: ahlanganiswe nezinsimbi zokuhlaziya zesimanje ezifana ne-mass spectrometry
I-Green Chemistry: Ukuthuthukisa inqubo enobungani nemvelo yokuvuselela nokusebenzisa kabusha i-asidi ephindaphindwayo

I-Periodate, njenge-oxidant ephumelelayo neqondile, idlala indima engenakuphindwa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kusukela ocwaningweni oluyisisekelo kuya ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni.