Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali luphawu olubalulekileyo kuphando lwesayensi lwanamhlanje kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso. Kubandakanya ukuveliswa kweekhompawundi ezintsha ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, kwaye enye into ephambili edlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo yi-sodium cyanoborohydride.
I-sodium cyanoborohydride, ngefomula yekhemikhali iNaBH3CN, sisixhobo sokunciphisa esinamandla esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwikhemistri yezinto eziphilayo. Sixatyiswa kakhulu kubuchule baso bokunciphisa ngokukhetha i-aldehydes kunye nee-ketones kwii-alcohols zazo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekuhlanganiseni amayeza, iikhemikhali ezintle, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Enye yezona nzuzo ziphambili zokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanoborohydride njenge-reducing agent kukuba ine-reaction ethambileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-reducing agents ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ezifana ne-lithium aluminium hydride,i-sodium cyanoborohydrideisebenza phantsi kweemeko ezithambileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikhuseleke kwaye ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa kwiindawo zelebhu. Olu hlobo lobulali lukwavumela ulawulo olungcono lwempendulo, lunciphisa umngcipheko weempendulo ezingafunekiyo okanye ukunciphisa kakhulu iikhompawundi ezijoliswe kuzo.
Enye inzuzo enkulu yei-sodium cyanoborohydridelukhetho lwayo oluphezulu. Xa isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iikhompawundi zekhabhoni, ngokubanzi iyakuphepha ukuphazamisana namanye amaqela asebenzayo akhoyo kwimolekyuli, nto leyo ephumela kwimpendulo ecocekileyo nesebenzayo. Olu khetho lubalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kweemolekyuli zendalo ezintsonkothileyo, apho ukugcinwa kwamanye amaqela asebenzayo kudla ngokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwisakhiwo seekhemikhali kunye neempawu ezifunekayo.
Ukongeza ekubeni yiarhente yokunciphisa,i-sodium cyanoborohydrideingasetyenziswa kwezinye iinguqu zeekhemikhali. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-aldehydes kunye nee-ketones, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwee-compounds ezahlukeneyo ze-heterocyclic. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo namaqela ahlukeneyo asebenzayo kwenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiingcali zekhemistri ezijongene nemingeni eyahlukeneyo yokwenziwa.
Ukongeza,i-sodium cyanoborohydrideyaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo kunye nokulula kwayo ukuyiphatha. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ezibangela ukusabela, ingagcinwa kwaye ithuthwe ngaphandle kokhuseleko oluqatha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe luncedo ngakumbi kwiindawo zemfundo nakwimizi-mveliso.
Nangonai-sodium cyanoborohydrideineenzuzo ezininzi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, njengayo nayiphi na iarhente yamakhemikhali, kufuneka iphathwe ngononophelo kwaye ilandele iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo. Nangona ithathwa njengekhuselekileyo kunezinye iiarhente zokunciphisa ezinye, iseyikhemikhali enamandla kwaye amanyathelo afanelekileyo kufuneka athathwe phantsi kwesikhokelo sekhemistri enamava.
Ukuququmbela,i-sodium cyanoborohydrideidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlanganisweni kweekhemikhali, ingakumbi ekunciphiseni iikhompawundi zekhabhoni kunye nezinye iinguqu ezinxulumene noko. Iimeko zayo zokusabela ezithambileyo, ukukhetha okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka, kunye nozinzo ziyenza ibe yimpahla exabisekileyo kwibhokisi yezixhobo zekhemistri yokwenziwa. Njengoko uphando nophuhliso kwicandelo lekhemistri yendalo luqhubeka luhambela phambili, ukubalulekai-sodium cyanoborohydrideekuvumeleni utshintsho olutsha lweekhemikhali kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhompawundi ezintsha kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuya kuhlala kubalulekile.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-29-2024