(I-anode yesinyithi yeLithium) Isigaba sokusebenzisana kwe-electrolyte entsha eqinileyo evela kwi-anion

I-Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza isigaba esitsha esenziwe phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-electrolyte kwiibhetri ezisebenzayo. Iibhetri zesinyithi ze-lithium (Li) ezinobunzima obuphezulu zithintelwa kakhulu kukufakwa kwe-lithium ye-dendritic ekhokelwa yi-SEI engalinganiyo. Nangona ineenzuzo ezikhethekileyo ekuphuculeni ukufana kokufakwa kwe-lithium, kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, isiphumo se-anion-derived SEI asilunganga. Kutshanje, iqela lophando likaZhang Qiang elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseTsinghua licebise ukusebenzisa ii-anion receptors ukulungisa isakhiwo se-electrolyte ukwakha i-anion-derived SEI ezinzileyo. I-tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane anion receptor (TPFPB) ene-athomu ze-boron ezingena-electron isebenzisana ne-bis(fluorosulfonimide) anion (FSI-) ukunciphisa ukuzinza kokunciphisa kwe-FSI-. Ukongeza, xa kukho i-TFPPB, uhlobo lwee-ion clusters (AGG) ze-FSI- kwi-electrolyte lutshintshile, kwaye i-FSI- isebenzisana ne-Li+ engaphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukubola kwe-FSI- kukhuthazwa ukuvelisa ii-Li2S, kwaye uzinzo lwe-SEI ephuma kwi-anion luyaphucuka.

I-SEI yenziwe ziimveliso zokubola ezincitshiswayo ze-electrolyte. Ulwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-SEI lulawulwa ikakhulu lulwakhiwo lwe-electrolyte, oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisana okuncinci phakathi kwe-solvent, i-anion, kunye ne-Li+. Ulwakhiwo lwe-electrolyte alutshintshi kuphela ngohlobo lwe-solvent kunye netyuwa ye-lithium, kodwa kunye noxinzelelo lwetyuwa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-electrolyte ene-concentration ephezulu (HCE) kunye ne-electrolyte ene-concentration ephezulu (LHCE) zibonise iingenelo ezikhethekileyo ekuzinziseni ii-anode ze-lithium metal ngokwenza i-SEI ezinzileyo. Umlinganiselo we-molar we-solvent kwityuwa ye-lithium uphantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-2) kwaye ii-anion zingeniswa kwi-sheath yokuqala ye-solvation ye-Li+, zenze ii-contact ion pairs (CIP) kunye ne-aggregation (AGG) kwi-HCE okanye kwi-LHCE. Ulwakhiwo lwe-SEI lulawulwa kamva zii-anion kwi-HCE nakwi-LHCE, ebizwa ngokuba yi-anion-derived SEI. Nangona isebenza kakuhle ekuzinziseni ii-anode ze-lithium metal, ii-SEIs zangoku ze-anion azanelanga ekuhlangabezaneni nemingeni yeemeko ezisebenzayo. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuphucula ngakumbi uzinzo kunye nokufana kwe-SEI ephuma kwi-anion ukuze koyiswe imingeni phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani.

Ii-anion ezikwimo ye-CIP kunye ne-AGG zezona zinto ziphambili ze-SEI ephuma kwi-anion. Ngokubanzi, ulwakhiwo lwe-electrolyte lwee-anion lulawulwa ngokungathanga ngqo yi-Li+, kuba itshaja elungileyo yeemolekyuli ezinyibilikayo kunye ne-diluent ikwindawo ebuthathaka kwaye ayinakusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo nee-anion. Ke ngoko, amaqhinga amatsha okulawula ulwakhiwo lwee-electrolytes ze-anionic ngokusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo nee-anion alindelwe kakhulu.