I-Ammonium molybdate, i-compound engaphiliyo eyenziwe yi-molybdenum, i-oxygen, i-nitrogen, kunye ne-hydrogen elements (edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-ammonium tetramolybdate okanye i-ammonium heptamolybdate), sele idlule indima yayo njenge-reagent yelabhoratri ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali - umsebenzi ogqwesileyo we-catalytic, ukukwazi ukwenza ii-precipitates okanye ii-complexes ezine-phosphate ions, kunye nokukwazi ukubola zibe yi-molybdenum oxides esebenzayo okanye i-metallic molybdenum phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ibe yilitye lesiseko leekhemikhali eliyimfuneko elixhasa amasimi amaninzi abalulekileyo afana neshishini lanamhlanje, ezolimo, isayensi yezinto, kunye novavanyo lokusingqongileyo.
1. Injini ephambili kwicandelo le-catalysis: ukuqhuba amandla acocekileyo kunye nomzi-mveliso weekhemikhali osebenzayo
Kwicandelo le-catalysis,i-ammonium molybdateingathathwa njenge "zinto zekona eluhlaza". Injongo yayo ephambili kukuvelisa ii-catalysts ze-hydroprocessing (i-HDS catalyst ye-desulfurization, i-HDN catalyst ye-denitrification). Ukuthatha umzekelo wokucocwa kwepetroleum, uninzi lwe-ammonium molybdate esetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le isetyenziselwa le njongo:
Ukususwa kwesulfurization enzulu kunye nokuchithwa kwe-nitrification: I-molybdenum oxide eveliswa kukubola kwe-ammonium molybdate ifakwa kwi-alumina carrier kwaye idityaniswe ne-cobalt okanye i-nickel oxides ukwenza i-precursor yecandelo elisebenzayo le-catalyst. Le catalyst inokubola ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iguqule ii-organic sulfides (ezifana ne-thiophene) kunye nee-organic nitrides kwi-oyile ekrwada kunye namaqhezu ayo (afana nedizili kunye nepetroli) zibe yi-hydrogen sulfide, i-ammonia, kunye nee-hydrocarbons ezigcweleyo ezizahlula ngokulula kwindawo ye-hydrogen enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku akunciphisi kakhulu kuphela umxholo wesalfure wamafutha eemoto (ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo engqongqo efana nemigangatho ye-Euro VI), kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemvula ye-acid kunye ne-PM2.5 precursor SOx, kodwa kuphucula uzinzo lwamafutha kunye nokusebenza kwenjini.
Ukwandisa izicelo: Kwinkqubo yokukhetha i-hydrogenation yokucoca amalahle, i-hydrogenation yeoyile namafutha ukuvelisa ioyile yemifuno okanye i-biodiesel yenqanaba lokutya, kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ze-organic, ii-catalysts ezisekelwe kwi-ammonium molybdate nazo zidlala indima ephambili, ziqhuba imveliso esebenzayo necocekileyo yevili elikhulu.
2. Umlawuli oqhelekileyo wekhemistri yohlalutyo: "iliso legolide" lokufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo
"Indlela ye-molybdenum blue" eyasekwa yi-ammonium molybdate kwi-analytical chemistry ngumgangatho wegolide wokufumanisa ubungakanani be-phosphate (PO ₄³ ⁻), eye yafunyanwa
ivavanywe iminyaka elikhulu:
Umgaqo wophuhliso lombala: Kwindawo ene-asidi, ii-ion ze-phosphate zisabela kunye ne-ammonium molybdate ukuze zenze i-yellow phosphomolybdic acid complex. Le complex ingancitshiswa ngokukhetha ngokusebenzisa ii-reducing agents ezifana ne-ascorbic acid kunye ne-stannous chloride, nto leyo evelisa umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onzulu "we-molybdenum blue". Ubunzulu bombala wayo buhambelana ngqo noxinzelelo lwe-phosphate kubude obuthile (njenge-880nm).
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi: Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekujongeni okusingqongileyo (uvavanyo lomngcipheko we-eutrophication emanzini angaphezulu kunye nomxholo we-phosphorus wamanzi amdaka), uphando lwezolimo (ukuqinisekiswa komxholo we-phosphorus okhoyo emhlabeni), ishishini lokutya (ulawulo lomxholo we-phosphorus kwiziselo kunye nezongezo), kunye ne-biochemistry (uhlalutyo lwe-phosphorus engaphiliyo kwi-serum kunye ne-metabolites zeseli) ngenxa yobuthathaka bayo obuphezulu (inqanaba lokulandelela elilinganiswayo), ukusebenza okulula, kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Inika inkxaso yedatha ethembekileyo yokukhusela umgangatho wamanzi, ukuchumisa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nophando lwesayensi yobomi.
3. Indima ephindwe kabini yokucubungula isinyithi kunye ne-metallurgy: ingcali ekukhuseleni nasekucoceni
I-corrosion inhibitor esebenzayo: I-Ammonium molybdate isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-anodic corrosion inhibitor kunyango lwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso (njengeenkqubo ezinkulu zamanzi okupholisa umoya opholileyo, amanzi okusela ebhoyila) kunye ne-coolant yenjini yemoto ngenxa yobuhlobo bayo nokusingqongileyo (ubuthi obuphantsi xa buthelekiswa ne-chromate) kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. I-oxidizes kumphezulu weesinyithi (ingakumbi intsimbi kunye nee-aluminium alloys) ukuze yenze ifilimu yokuthambisa esekwe kwi-molybdenum exineneyo nenamathelayo kakhulu (njenge-iron molybdate kunye ne-calcium molybdate), ithintela ngempumelelo ukutshabalala kwe-substrate ngamanzi, i-oxygen enyibilikisiweyo, kunye nee-ion ezibolayo (ezifana ne-Cl ⁻), yandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo.
Umthombo we-metal molybdenum kunye nee-alloys: i-ammonium molybdate ecocekileyo kakhulu yindlela ephambili yokuvelisa umgubo we-metal molybdenum ococekileyo kakhulu. Umgubo we-molybdenum ohlangabezana neemfuno ze-powder metallurgy unokwenziwa ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lweenkqubo ze-calcination kunye nokunciphisa (ngesiqhelo kwi-hydrogen atmosphere). Ezi powders ze-molybdenum zinokucutshungulwa ngakumbi ukuvelisa izinto zokufudumeza i-furnace ezishushu kakhulu, ii-crucibles zoshishino lwe-semiconductor, ii-alloys ze-molybdenum ezisebenzayo kakhulu (ezifana nee-alloys ze-molybdenum titanium zirconium ezisetyenziselwa izinto ezishushu kakhulu ze-aerospace), kunye neemveliso eziphezulu ezifana neethagethi zokutshiza.
4. Ezolimo: 'Umbhiyozo woBomi' weZinto eziLandelelanayo
I-Molybdenum yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kwizityalo kwaye ibalulekile kumsebenzi we-nitrogenase kunye ne-nitrate reductase.
Isiseko sesichumiso seMolybdenum: I-Ammonium molybdate (ingakumbi i-ammonium tetramolybdate) yeyona nto iphambili yokwenza izichumiso ze-molybdenum ezisebenzayo ngenxa yokunyibilika kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nokufumaneka kwayo kwindalo. Ukufakwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukutshizwa njengesichumiso samagqabi kunokuthintela ngempumelelo kwaye kulungise iimpawu zokungabikho kwe-molybdenum (ezifana nokutyheli kwamagqabi, ukukhubazeka – “isifo somsila we-whip”, ukuthintelwa kokukhula) kwizityalo ze-leguminous (ezifana ne-soya kunye ne-alfalfa ezixhomekeke kwi-rhizobia ukuze zifake i-nitrogen) kunye nezityalo ze-cruciferous (ezifana ne-cauliflower kunye ne-rapeseed).
Ukwandisa isivuno kunye nokuphucula umgangatho: Ukongezwa okwaneleyo kwesichumiso se-ammonium molybdate kunokukhuthaza kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-metabolism ye-nitrogen yezityalo, kuphucule ukwenziwa kweproteni, komeleze ukumelana noxinzelelo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuphucule isivuno sesivuno kunye nomgangatho, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezolimo.
5. Isayensi yezinto ezisetyenziswayo: 'Umthombo woBulumko' bezinto ezisetyenziswayo
Amandla okuguqula iikhemikhali e-ammonium molybdate abonelela ngendlela ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwezinto eziphambili:
Iiceramics ezisebenzayo kunye nezinto zokugquma: ngokusebenzisa i-sol gel, ukomisa nge-spray, ukubola kobushushu kunye nezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe, isisombululo se-ammonium molybdate singasetyenziswa njengesandulela sokulungiselela iipowders zeceramic ezisekelwe kwi-molybdenum (ezifana neeceramics ze-lead molybdate piezoelectric) ezineempawu ezikhethekileyo zombane, ezibonakalayo okanye ze-catalytic, kunye nezinto zokugquma ezisebenzayo (ezifana nezinto zokugquma ezingagugiyo, izinto zokugquma ezilawulwa bubushushu).
Indawo yokuqala yeekhompawundi ezintsha ze-molybdenum: Njengomthombo we-molybdenum, i-ammonium molybdate isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zelebhu nakwimizi-mveliso ukwenza i-molybdenum disulfide (i-MoS ₂, i-solid lubricant, i-lithium negative electrode material), i-polyoxometalates esekwe kwi-molybdenum (i-polyoxometalates ene-catalytic, i-antiviral, i-magnetic kunye nezinye iipropati), kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo ze-molybdates (ezifana nezinto ze-photocatalytic, izinto ze-fluorescent).
6. Ishishini le-elektroniki: "iqhawe elingasemva kwemifanekiso" lemveliso echanekileyo
Kwimveliso ye-elektroniki echanekileyo, i-ammonium molybdate ikwafumene izicelo ezithile:
Isithambisi esithintela ilangatye: Ezinye iifomyula eziqulethe i-ammonium molybdate zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izinto zepolymer (ezifana neengqimba zeplastiki zokuthintela iingcingo kunye neentambo, ii-substrates zebhodi yesekethe), ngokukhuthaza i-carbonization kunye nokutshintsha indlela yokubola kobushushu, ukuphucula umlinganiselo wokuthintela ilangatye kunye nokusebenza kokuthintela umsi kwezinto.
Izixhobo zokufaka i-electroplating kunye neekhemikhali: Kwiinkqubo ezithile zokufaka i-alloy electroplating okanye zekhemikhali, i-ammonium molybdate ingasetyenziswa njengesongezelelo ukuphucula ukukhazimla, ukumelana nokuguguleka, okanye ukumelana nokugqwala kwengubo.
Ukusuka kwintliziyo yokucoca ioyile eqhuba iinqanawa ezinkulu kwiihambo ezinde ukuya kwisikhuselo esithintela ukugqwala esikhusela izixhobo ezichanekileyo; Ukusuka kwi-reagent ebuthathaka etyhila umkhondo wezinto ze-phosphorus kwihlabathi le-microscopic, ukuya kwisithunywa sezinto ezilandelelanayo esonakalisa amasimi amakhulu; Ukusuka kumathambo aqinileyo ee-alloys ezishushu kakhulu ukuya kumthombo omtsha wezinto ezisebenzayo eziphambili - imephu yesicelo sei-ammonium molybdate– iqinisekisa ngokunzulu indawo ephambili yeekhemikhali ezisisiseko kwimpucuko yezobuchwepheshe banamhlanje.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-05-2025