Ammonium molybdate, oo ah isku-dhis aan dabiici ahayn oo ka kooban molybdenum, oksijiin, nitrogen, iyo curiyayaasha haydarojiin (badanaa loo yaqaan ammonium tetramolybdate ama ammonium heptamolybdate), ayaa muddo dheer ka gudubtay doorkeeda fal-gale shaybaar sababtoo ah sifooyinka kiimikada ee gaarka ah - firfircoonida catalytic-ga ee aadka u fiican, awoodda lagu sameeyo qulqulo ama isku-dhafan oo leh ions fosfooras, iyo awoodda lagu burburin karo oksaydhyada molybdenum ee shaqeynaya ama molybdenum bir ah xaalado gaar ah. Waxay noqotay saldhig kiimiko oo lama huraan ah oo taageeraya goobo badan oo muhiim ah sida warshadaha casriga ah, beeraha, sayniska agabka, iyo baaritaanka deegaanka.
1. Mashiinka xudunta u ah cilmiga katalisnimada: wadista tamarta nadiifka ah iyo warshadaha kiimikada ee hufan
Dhinaca katalisnimada,amooniyam molybdatewaxaa loo arki karaa "walax ceeriin ah oo ku taal geeska dhagaxa". Ujeeddadeeda ugu weyn waa inay soo saarto kiciyeyaasha hydroprocessing (HDS catalyst for desulfurization, HDN catalyst for denitrification). Tusaale ahaan, iyadoo la adeegsanayo sifeynta batroolka, inta badan ammonium molybdate ee adduunka oo dhan laga isticmaalo sannad kasta waxaa loo isticmaalaa ujeedadan:
Kala-saarista qoto dheer iyo kala-saarista: Molybdenum oxide oo ay soo saarto kala-baxa ammonium molybdate ayaa lagu shubaa side alumina ah waxaana lagu daraa kobalt ama nickel oxides si loo sameeyo horudhaca qaybta firfircoon ee kaaliyayaasha. Kaaliyayaashani waxay si wax ku ool ah u kala qaybin karaan oo u beddeli karaan sulfide-ka dabiiciga ah (sida thiophene) iyo nitrides-ka dabiiciga ah ee saliidda cayriin iyo jajabyadeeda (sida naaftada iyo shidaalka) si fudud loo kala saari karo hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, iyo hydrocarbons buuxa oo ku jira jawi haydarojiin heerkul sare leh iyo cadaadis sare leh. Tani ma aha oo kaliya inay si weyn u yareyso heerka sulfur ee shidaalka baabuurta (iyadoo la raacayo xeerarka deegaanka ee sii kordhaya sida heerarka Euro VI), waxay yareysaa qiiqa roobka aashitada iyo SOx-ka horudhaca ah ee PM2.5, laakiin sidoo kale waxay hagaajineysaa xasilloonida shidaalka iyo waxqabadka matoorka.
Ballaarinta codsiyada: Habka hydrogenation-ka ee xulashada ee liquefaction dhuxusha, sifeynta saliidda iyo hydrogenation-ka dufanka si loo soo saaro saliid khudradeed oo heer cunto ah ama biodiesel, iyo sidoo kale waxyaabo kiimiko dabiici ah oo kala duwan, kiciyeyaasha ku salaysan ammonium molybdate ayaa sidoo kale door muhiim ah ka ciyaara, iyagoo horseedaya wax soo saarka hufan iyo nadiifka ah ee giraangiraha weyn.
2. Hogaamiyaha caadiga ah ee kiimikada falanqaynta: "isha dahabka ah" si loo ogaado saxda ah
"Habka buluugga molybdenum" ee uu ammonium molybdate ku aasaasay kiimikada falanqaynta waa heerka dahabka ah ee ogaanshaha tirada fosfate (PO ₄³ ⁻), kaas oo la sameeyay
la tijaabiyay boqol sano:
Mabda'a horumarinta midabka: Dhexdhexaad aashito leh, aayoonka fosfate waxay la falgalaan ammonium molybdate si ay u sameeyaan isku-dhafan aashito phosphomolybdic ah oo jaalle ah. Isku-dhafkan waxaa si gaar ah loo yarayn karaa iyadoo la yareeyo walxaha sida ascorbic acid iyo stannous chloride, taasoo soo saarta midab buluug qoto dheer oo "molybdenum blue". Qoto dheer ee midabkiisu waa mid si adag ugu dhigma uruurinta fosfate-ka mowjad gaar ah (sida 880nm).
Adeegsiga ballaaran: Habkani waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa la socodka deegaanka (qiimaynta khatarta eutrophication ee biyaha dusha sare iyo heerka fosfooraska biyaha wasakhda ah), cilmi-baarista beeraha (go'aaminta heerka fosfooraska iyo bacriminta ee ciidda laga heli karo), warshadaha cuntada (xakamaynta heerka fosfooraska ee cabitaannada iyo waxyaabaha lagu daro), iyo bayoolajiga (falanqaynta fosfooraska aan organic ahayn ee ku jira metabolites-ka serum iyo unugyada) sababtoo ah xasaasiyaddiisa sare (heerka raadadka la cabbiri karo), hawlgal fudud, iyo kharash yar. Waxay bixisaa taageero xog oo la isku halleyn karo oo loogu talagalay ilaalinta tayada biyaha, bacriminta saxda ah, iyo cilmi-baarista sayniska nolosha.
3. Doorka laba-geesoodka ah ee farsamaynta birta iyo birta: khabiir ku ah ilaalinta iyo nadiifinta
Daxalka wax ku oolka ah: Ammonium molybdate waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa sidii daxalka anodic ee daaweynta biyaha warshadaha (sida nidaamyada biyaha qaboojinta hawada dhexe ee waaweyn, biyaha kululeeyaha) iyo qaboojiyaha matoorka baabuurta sababtoo ah saaxiibtinimo deegaaneed (sumowga hooseeya marka la barbar dhigo chromate) iyo waxqabad aad u wanaagsan. Waxay oksaydh ku samaysaa dusha sare ee biraha (gaar ahaan birta iyo aluminiumka) si ay u samayso filim cufan oo ku salaysan molybdenum (sida molybdate birta iyo calcium molybdate), si wax ku ool ah u xannibaya daxalka substrate-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo biyo, oksijiin milmay, iyo ion-yada daxalka (sida Cl ⁻), taasoo si weyn u kordhinaysa cimriga adeegga qalabka.
Isha molybdenum-ka birta iyo biraha: ammonium molybdate oo saafi ah waa horudhac muhiim ah oo lagu soo saaro budada molybdenum-ka birta saafi ah. Budada Molybdenum-ka ee buuxisa shuruudaha birta budada ah waxaa lagu soo saari karaa iyada oo loo marayo xakamaynta saxda ah ee hababka kalsiyum-ka iyo yaraynta (badanaa jawiga haydarojiin). Budada molybdenum-ka waxaa si dheeraad ah loo farsameyn karaa si loo soo saaro walxaha kululaynta foornada heerkulka sare leh, walxaha warshadaha semiconductor-ka, biraha molybdenum-ka ee waxqabadka sare leh (sida biraha molybdenum titanium zirconium ee loo isticmaalo qaybaha heerkulka sare leh ee hawada sare), iyo sidoo kale alaabada heerka sare ah sida bartilmaameedyada sputtering.
4. Beeraha: 'Dabaaldegga Nolosha' ee Walxaha Raadka
Molybdenum waa mid ka mid ah walxaha raad-raaca ee muhiimka u ah dhirta, waana mid muhiim u ah shaqada nitrogenase iyo nitrate reductase.
Bacriminta Molybdenum Bacriminta: Ammonium molybdate (gaar ahaan ammonium tetramolybdate) waa walaxda ugu weyn ee ceeriin ah ee lagu sameeyo bacriminta molybdenum ee hufan sababtoo ah milmideeda biyaha iyo helitaanka noolaha. Si toos ah loogu mariyo ama loogu buufiyo bacriminta caleenta waxay si wax ku ool ah uga hortagi kartaa oo u saxi kartaa calaamadaha yaraanta molybdenum (sida huruudaynta caleenta, cilladaha - "cudurka dabada karbaashka", joojinta koritaanka) dalagyada digirta (sida soybeanska iyo alfalfa ee ku tiirsan rhizobia si loo hagaajiyo nitrogen) iyo dalagyada iskutallaabta lagu qodo (sida cauliflower iyo rapeseed).
Kordhinta wax soo saarka iyo hagaajinta tayada: Kaabista ku filan ee bacriminta ammonium molybdate waxay si weyn u horumarin kartaa hufnaanta dheef-shiid kiimikaadka nitrogen-ka dhirta, waxay kor u qaadi kartaa isku-darka borotiinka, waxay xoojin kartaa iska caabbinta walbahaarka, ugu dambayntiina waxay hagaajin kartaa wax-soo-saarka iyo tayada dalagga, taas oo muhiimad weyn u leh hubinta amniga cuntada iyo horumarinta beeraha ee waara.
5. Sayniska Qalabka: 'Isha Xigmadda' ee Agabka Shaqada
Awoodda beddelka kiimikada ee ammonium molybdate waxay bixisaa waddo muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay isku-darka agabka horumarsan:
Dhoobada shaqaynaysa iyo horudhaca dahaarka: iyada oo loo marayo jel sol ah, qalajinta buufinta, kala-baxa kulaylka iyo teknoolojiyada kale, xalka ammonium molybdate waxaa loo isticmaali karaa horudhac si loo diyaariyo budada dhoobada ee ku salaysan molybdenum (sida dhoobada piezoelectric ee lead molybdate) oo leh sifooyin koronto oo gaar ah, muuqaal ama katalytic ah, iyo dahaarka shaqaynta (sida dahaarka u adkaysta xirashada, dahaarka xakamaynta kulaylka).
Barta laga bilaabayo isku-dhafka molybdenum cusub: Iyada oo ah isha molybdenum, ammonium molybdate waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa codsiyada shaybaarka iyo warshadaha si loo sameeyo molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂, saliid adag, walxaha elektroodka lithium ee taban), polyoxometalates ku salaysan molybdenum (polyoxometalates oo leh sifooyin katalytic, antiviral, magnetic iyo kuwo kale), iyo agabyo kale oo shaqeynaya oo molybdates ah (sida agabka photocatalytic, agabka fluorescent).
6. Warshadaha elektaroonigga ah: "geesiga gadaashiisa" ee wax soo saarka saxda ah
Soo saarista elektaroonigga saxda ah, ammonium molybdate waxay sidoo kale heshay codsiyo gaar ah:
Kobciyaha dab-damiska: Qaar ka mid ah qaacidooyinka ka kooban ammonium molybdate ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo walxaha polymer-ka (sida lakabyada dahaarka balaastikada ah ee fiilooyinka iyo fiilooyinka, substrate-ka guddiga wareegga), iyadoo la dhiirrigelinayo kaarboonaynta iyo in la beddelo waddada kala-baxa kulaylka, iyadoo la hagaajinayo qiimeynta dab-damiska iyo waxqabadka xakamaynta qiiqa ee walaxda.
Qaybaha Elektroplating-ka iyo dahaadhka kiimikada: Hababka gaarka ah ee dahaadhka electroplating-ka ama dahaadhka kiimikada, ammonium molybdate waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii wax lagu daro si loo hagaajiyo dhalaalka, iska caabbinta xirashada, ama iska caabbinta daxalka ee dahaarka.
Laga bilaabo wadnaha sifeynta saliidda ee kaxeeya maraakiibta waaweyn safarrada dhaadheer ilaa gaashaanka xanniba daxalka ee ilaaliya qalabka saxda ah; Laga bilaabo falgal xasaasi ah oo muujiya raadadka walxaha fosfooraska ee adduunka yar yar, ilaa farriin curiyayaasha raadadka ah ee quudiya beeraha ballaaran; Laga bilaabo lafaha adag ee alwaaxyada heerkulka sare leh ilaa isha cusub ee agabka shaqada ee casriga ah - khariidadda codsiga eeamooniyam molybdate- si qoto dheer ayuu u xaqiijinayaa booska asaasiga ah ee kiimikooyinka aasaasiga ah ee ilbaxnimada casriga ah ee tignoolajiyada.
Waqtiga boostada: Juun-05-2025