Ammonium molybdate, chinhu chisina kugadzirwa chinoumbwa ne molybdenum, oxygen, nitrogen, uye hydrogen elements (zvinowanzozivikanwa se ammonium tetramolybdate kana ammonium heptamolybdate), chave chichipfuura basa rayo se reagent yerabhoritari nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakasiyana - basa rakanaka re catalytic, kugona kugadzira ma precipitates kana complexes nema phosphate ions, uye kugona kuora kuita functional molybdenum oxides kana metallic molybdenum pasi pemamiriro chaiwo. Yave chinhu chakakosha chemakemikari chinotsigira minda yakawanda yakakosha senge indasitiri yemazuva ano, kurima, sainzi yezvinhu, uye kuyedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
1. Injini huru mumunda we catalysis: kutyaira simba rakachena uye indasitiri yemakemikari inoshanda zvakanaka
Mumunda we catalysis,ammonium molybdateinogona kuonekwa se "dombo rekona". Chinangwa chayo chikuru kugadzira macatalysts ekugadzirisa mvura (HDS catalyst yekubvisa sulfurization, HDN catalyst yekubvisa nitrification). Tichitora semuenzaniso wekuchenesa peturu, huwandu hwakawanda hweammonium molybdate inoshandiswa pasi rose gore rega rega hunoshandiswa pachinangwa ichi:
Kubvisa sulfurization yakadzika uye kuchenesa: Molybdenum oxide inogadzirwa nekuora kweammonium molybdate inoiswa paalumina carrier uye inosanganiswa necobalt kana nickel oxides kuti igadzire precursor yechinhu chinoshanda checatalyst. Catalyst iyi inogona kuora zvinobudirira uye kushandura organic sulfides (yakadai sethiophene) uye organic nitrides mumafuta asina kuchena uye zvikamu zvayo (zvakadai sedhiziri nepeturu) kuita hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, uye saturated hydrocarbons zviri nyore kupatsanurwa munzvimbo ine hydrogen inodziya zvakanyanya uye ine pressure yakakwira. Izvi hazvingoderedzi zvakanyanya huwandu hwesulfur mumafuta emotokari (zvichisangana nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza yakanyanya senge Euro VI standards), zvinoderedza kuburitswa kwemvura ine acid uye PM2.5 precursor SOx, asiwo zvinovandudza kugadzikana kwemafuta uye mashandiro einjini.
Kuwedzera mashandisirwo: Mukuita kwekusarudza hydrogenation yemarasha, kuchenesa mafuta nemafuta kuti pave nemafuta emuriwo kana biodiesel, pamwe chete nemakemikari akasiyana-siyana eorganic, zvinhu zvinokonzeresa hydrogenation zvinobva paammonium molybdate zvinoitawo basa guru, zvichitungamira kugadzirwa kwakanaka uye kwakachena kwevhiri guru.
2. Mutongi wekare wekemikari yekuongorora: "ziso regoridhe" rekuona zvakanyatsojeka
"Molybdenum blue method" yakagadzwa neammonium molybdate mu analytical chemistry ndiyo nzira yegoridhe yekuona phosphate (PO ₄³ ⁻), iyo yave ichishandiswa.
yakaedzwa kwemakore zana:
Nheyo yekukura kwemavara: Munzvimbo ine acidic, ma phosphate ions anoita zvakafanana ne ammonium molybdate kuti agadzire yellow phosphomolybdic acid complex. Iyi complex inogona kuderedzwa nekuderedza zvinhu zvakaita se ascorbic acid ne stannous chloride, zvichigadzira ruvara rwebhuruu rwakadzika rwe "molybdenum blue". Kudzika kweruvara rwayo kunoenderana zvakanyanya nehuwandu hwe phosphate pahurefu hwewavelength (senge 880nm).
Mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana: Nzira iyi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutarisa nharaunda (kuongorora njodzi ye eutrophication mumvura yepamusoro uye huwandu hwe phosphorus mumvura yakasviba), tsvakurudzo yezvekurima (kuongorora huwandu hwe phosphorus ne fertilizer inowanikwa muvhu), indasitiri yechikafu (kudzora huwandu hwe phosphorus muzvinwiwa nezvinowedzera), uye biochemistry (kuongorora phosphorus inorganic mu serum uye cellular metabolites) nekuda kwehukuru hwayo (chiyero che trace chinoyerwa), kushanda kuri nyore, uye mutengo wakaderera. Inopa rutsigiro rwakavimbika rwedata rekudzivirira kunaka kwemvura, kuberekesa kwakarurama, uye tsvakurudzo yesainzi yehupenyu.
3. Basa rekugadzirisa simbi nekugadzira simbi mbiri: nyanzvi mukudzivirira nekuchenesa
Inodzivirira ngura inoshanda: Ammonium molybdate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya seanodic corrosion inhibitor mukuchenesa mvura yemumaindasitiri (senge masisitimu makuru emvura inotonhodza mhepo inotonhorera, mvura inodziya muboiler) uye inotonhodza injini yemotokari nekuda kwehushamwari hwayo nezvakatipoteredza (chepfu shoma kana tichienzanisa nechromate) uye kushanda kwayo kwakanaka. Inooxidize pamusoro pesimbi (kunyanya simbi nealuminium alloys) kuti igadzire firimu repasi rinonamira rakagadzirwa ne molybdenum (rakadai se iron molybdate ne calcium molybdate), richidzivirira ngura ye substrate nemvura, oxygen yakanyungudutswa, uye maion anoparadza (akadai seCl ⁻), zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwebasa remuchina zvakanyanya.
Manyuko esimbi molybdenum uye alloys: ammonium molybdate ine purity yakakura ndiyo nzira huru yekugadzira upfu hwesimbi molybdenum hwakachena. Upfu hweMolybdenum hunosangana nezvinodiwa zvesimbi yepoda hunogona kugadzirwa kuburikidza nekudzora kwakaringana maitiro e calcination uye kuderedza (kazhinji mumhepo ine hydrogen). Upfu hwemolybdenum uhwu hunogona kugadziriswa zvakare kuti hugadzire zvinhu zvinodziya zvefurnace zvinopisa zvakanyanya, zvinhu zvinopisa zveindasitiri ye semiconductor, alloys dzemolybdenum dzinoshanda zvakanyanya (dzakadai se molybdenum titanium zirconium alloys dzinoshandiswa muzvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya mumhepo), pamwe chete nezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro zvakaita sezvinangwa zvekuputira.
4. Kurima: 'Kupemberera Hupenyu' kweZvinhu Zvinotevera
Molybdenum chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakukura kwezvirimwa uye chakakosha pakushanda kwenitrogenase ne nitrate reductase.
Fetereza yeMolybdenum: Ammonium molybdate (kunyanya ammonium tetramolybdate) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira fetereza yemolybdenum inoshanda zvakanaka nekuda kwekunyungudika kwayo mumvura uye kuwanikwa kwayo mumuviri. Kushandiswa zvakananga kana kupfapfaidzwa sefodya kunogona kudzivirira nekugadzirisa zviratidzo zvekushaikwa kwemolybdenum (zvakaita seyero yemashizha, deformities - "whip tail disease", kudziviswa kwekukura) muzvirimwa zvenyemba (zvakaita sesoya nealfalfa zvinoshandisa rhizobia kuti zvigadzire nitrogen) uye zvirimwa zvecruciferous (zvakaita secauliflower nerapeseed).
Kuwedzera goho uye kuvandudza mhando: Kuwedzera zvakakwana kweammonium molybdate fertilizer kunogona kukurudzira zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka kwe nitrogen muzvirimwa, kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemapuroteni, kusimbisa kuramba kunetseka, uye pakupedzisira kuvandudza goho rezvirimwa, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru pakuona kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye budiriro yekurima inoenderera mberi.
5. Sainzi yezvinhu: 'Manyuko eUchenjeri' eZvishandiso Zvinoshanda
Kugona kwekuchinja kwemakemikari kweammonium molybdate kunopa nzira yakakosha yekugadzira zvinhu zvepamusoro:
Zvigadzirwa zveceramic zvinoshanda uye zvinotangira pakuputira: kuburikidza ne sol gel, kuomesa ne spray, kuora kwekupisa uye mamwe matekinoroji, ammonium molybdate solution inogona kushandiswa senzira yekugadzira upfu hweceramic hwakavakirwa pa molybdenum (senge lead molybdate piezoelectric ceramics) dzine hunhu hwakakosha hwemagetsi, hwemaziso kana hwe catalytic, uye zvinoputira zvinoshanda (senge zvinoputira zvisingapfeki, zvinoputira zvinodzora kupisa).
Panotangira mishonga mitsva yemolybdenum: Senzvimbo yemolybdenum, ammonium molybdate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya murabhoritari nemaindasitiri kugadzira molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂, mafuta akasimba, lithium negative electrode material), molybdenum based polyoxometalates (polyoxometalates ine catalytic, antiviral, magnetic nezvimwe zvinhu), uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda zvemolybdates (senge zvinhu zve photocatalytic, zvinhu zve fluorescent).
6. Indasitiri yezvemagetsi: "gamba riri kumashure kwezviitiko" rekugadzira zvinhu nemazvo
Mukugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi nemazvo, ammonium molybdate yakawanawo mashandisirwo chaiwo:
Chinosimudzira moto unodzivirira moto: Mamwe mafomura ane ammonium molybdate anoshandiswa kurapa zvinhu zvepolymer (zvakadai sepurasitiki inoputira waya netambo, mabhodhi edunhu), nekukurudzira carbonization uye kushandura nzira yekuora kwekupisa, kuvandudza chiyero chemoto unodzivirira moto uye mashandiro ekudzora utsi hwechinhu chacho.
Zvikamu zveElectroplating nemakemikari: Mumaitiro chaiwo e electroplating kana chemical plating, ammonium molybdate inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinowedzera kubwinya, kuramba kupfeka, kana kuramba ngura kwejira.
Kubva pamoyo wekuchenesa mafuta unofambisa ngarava hombe parwendo rurefu kusvika pakudzivirira ngura kunodzivirira zvishandiso zvakarurama; Kubva pachinhu chinonzwa chinoratidza zvinhu zvephosphorus munyika isingaonekwe, kusvika kunhume yezvinhu zvinochengetedza minda yakakura; Kubva pamapfupa akaoma ezvimedu zvinopisa zvakanyanya kusvika kunobva zvinhu zvitsva zvinoshanda - mepu yekushandisa yeammonium molybdate- inosimbisa zvakadzama chinzvimbo chikuru chemakemikari ekutanga mubudiriro yetekinoroji yemazuva ano.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-05-2025