Ammonium molybdate, imvange idakora igizwe na molybdenum, ogisijeni, azote, na hydrogen elements (ubusanzwe yitwa ammonium tetramolybdate cyangwa ammonium heptamolybdate), imaze igihe kinini irenga uruhare rwayo nk'igikoresho cya laboratwari bitewe n'imiterere yayo yihariye ya shimi - imikorere myiza ya catalytic, ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu byihariye cyangwa complexes hamwe na iyoni za phosphate, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kubora mu mikorere ya molybdenum oxides cyangwa molybdenum metallic mu bihe runaka. Yabaye inkingi y'ingenzi ya shimi ishyigikira amashami menshi y'ingenzi nko mu nganda zigezweho, ubuhinzi, siyansi y'ibikoresho, n'isuzuma ry'ibidukikije.
1. Moteri y'ingenzi mu bijyanye no gukamura: guteza imbere ingufu zisukuye n'inganda zikora neza mu by'ubutabire
Mu rwego rwo gusesengura,molybdate ya ammoniumishobora gufatwa nk' "ibikoresho fatizo by'ibuye ry'imfuruka". Intego yayo nyamukuru ni ugukora catalysts zikomoka ku mazi (catalysts za HDS zo gusukura sulfurization, HDN catalysts zo gusukura nitrogen). Dufashe urugero rwo gutunganya peteroli, igice kinini cya ammonium molybdate ikoreshwa ku isi buri mwaka ikoreshwa muri iyi ntego:
Gusesagura no gusya gazi mu buryo bwimbitse: Oxyde ya molybdenum ikorwa no gusenyuka kwa ammonium molybdate ishyirwa ku cyuma gitwara alumina hanyuma igahuzwa na oxyde za cobalt cyangwa nickel kugira ngo bibe icyerekezo cy'igice gikora cya catalyst. Iyi catalyst ishobora gusenya no guhindura neza sulfide organic (nka thiophene) na nitride organic muri peteroli isanzwe n'ibice byayo (nka mazutu na lisansi) mo hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, na hydrocarbons yuzuye byoroshye gutandukana mu kirere gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi wa hydrogen. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa sulfure ingano y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu modoka (byujuje amabwiriza akomeye yo kurengera ibidukikije nka Euro VI standards), bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya aside na PM2.5 precursor SOx, ahubwo binatuma moteri ihora ikora neza kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo kuyirinda.
Kwagura ikoreshwa: Mu gikorwa cyo gusiga irangi ry’ibimera mu buryo bwa hydrogenation, gusiga irangi ry’ibimera mu mashanyarazi, gutunganya irangi ry’ibimera mu mashanyarazi no mu mavuta kugira ngo hakorwe amavuta y’ibimera cyangwa biodiesel, ndetse n’ibindi bicuruzwa bitandukanye bya organic, catalysts zishingiye kuri ammonium molybdate nazo zigira uruhare runini, zigatuma irangi ry’ibimera rikora neza kandi risukuye.
2. Umugenga w'ubutabire bw'isesengura: "ijisho ry'izahabu" ryo kumenya neza
"Uburyo bwa molybdenum blue" bwashyizweho na ammonium molybdate muri shimi isesengura ni igipimo ngenderwaho cya zahabu cyo gupima phosphate (PO ₄³ ⁻), cyakozwe
byageragejwe mu gihe cy'imyaka ijana:
Ihame ryo guteza imbere ibara: Mu buryo busanzwe, iyoni za fosfeti zikorana na ammonium molybdate bigatuma zigira aside phosphomolybdic complex y'umuhondo. Iyi complex ishobora kugabanywa mu buryo bwihariye hakoreshejwe ibintu bigabanya urugero nka aside ascorbic na stannous chloride, bigatuma habaho ibara ry'ubururu bwimbitse rya "molybdenum blue". Ubujyakuzimu bw'ibara ryayo bungana neza n'ubwinshi bwa fosfeti ku rugero runaka (nk'urugero rwa 880nm).
Ikoreshwa ryagutse: Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu kugenzura ibidukikije (isuzuma ry’ingaruka zo kwangirika kw’amazi mu mazi yo hejuru n’ingano ya fosifore mu mazi yanduye), ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi (kumenya ingano ya fosifore n’ifumbire mvaruganda iboneka mu butaka), inganda z’ibiribwa (kugenzura ingano ya fosifore mu binyobwa n’inyongeramusaruro), na biochimie (isesengura rya fosifore idakora mu maraso no mu turemangingo) bitewe n’uko ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyipima (urugero rushobora gupimwa), imikorere yayo yoroshye, kandi ihendutse. Itanga amakuru yizewe yo kurinda ubuziranenge bw’amazi, gufumbira neza, no gukora ubushakashatsi ku buzima.
3. Uruhare rubiri rw'ubuhanga mu gutunganya ibyuma no kubitunganya: inzobere mu kurinda no kubitunganya
Irinda kwangirika neza: Ammonium molybdate ikoreshwa cyane nk'irinda kwangirika kwa anodic mu gutunganya amazi mu nganda (nk'amazi manini akonjesha, amazi yo mu bwoko bwa boiler) n'ibikoresho bikonjesha moteri z'imodoka bitewe n'uko ibungabunga ibidukikije (uburozi buke ugereranije na chromate) n'imikorere myiza. Ikora ogisijeni ku buso bw'ibyuma (cyane cyane ibyuma na aluminiyumu) kugira ngo ikore filime ikomeye kandi ifata neza ishingiye kuri molybdenum (nk'icyuma molybdate na calcium molybdate), ibuza kwangirika kw'ubutaka n'amazi, ogisijeni yashongeshejwe, na iyoni zibora (nka Cl ⁻), yongera cyane igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho.
Inkomoko ya molybdenum y'icyuma n'ibindi birungo: molybdate ya ammonium ifite purity nyinshi ni ingenzi mu gukora ifu ya molybdenum y'icyuma ifite purity nyinshi. Ifu ya molybdenum yujuje ibisabwa mu by'ubutare bw'ifu ishobora gukorwa binyuze mu kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gukaranga no kugabanya (ubusanzwe mu kirere cya hydrogen). Izi fu za molybdenum zishobora gutunganywa cyane kugira ngo zikore ibintu bishyushya mu itanura rishyushye cyane, ibikoresho byo mu nganda za semiconductor, alloys za molybdenum zifite imikorere myiza (nk'alloys za molybdenum titanium zirconium zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ikirere bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi), ndetse n'ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nko gusukamo ibirungo.
4. Ubuhinzi: 'Ibirori by'ubuzima' ku bintu bifatika
Molybdenum ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ku bimera kandi ni ingenzi mu mikorere ya azote na nitrate reductase
Ifumbire ya Molybdenum: Ammonium molybdate (cyane cyane ammonium tetramolybdate) ni yo fumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa mu gukora ifumbire ya molybdenum ikora neza bitewe nuko ishonga neza mu mazi kandi ikaba iboneka neza. Gushyirwa mu ifumbire cyangwa kuyitera nk'ifumbire y'ibibabi bishobora gukumira no gukosora ibimenyetso byo kubura molybdenum (nk'umuhondo w'amababi, ubumuga - "indwara y'umurizo w'ikibuno", gukumira gukura) mu bihingwa by'ibinyamisogwe (nk'ibinyamisogwe na alfalfa bishingira kuri rhizobia mu gushyiraho azote) n'ibihingwa by'ibinyamisogwe (nk'ibinyamisogwe bya cauliflower n'imbuto za rapeseed).
Kongera umusaruro no kunoza ubwiza: Kongera ifumbire mvaruganda ya ammonium molybdate bihagije bishobora guteza imbere cyane imikorere myiza ya azote mu bimera, kongera imikorere ya poroteyine, kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya stress, ndetse no kunoza umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'ibihingwa, ibi bikaba bifite akamaro kanini mu kubungabunga umutekano w'ibiribwa n'iterambere rirambye ry'ubuhinzi.
5. Ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho: 'Isoko y'ubwenge' ku bikoresho bikora
Ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibinyabutabire bwa ammonium molybdate butanga inzira y'ingenzi yo gukora ibikoresho bigezweho:
Ibumba rikora neza n'ibintu bikoreshwa mu gusiga: binyuze muri sol gel, kumisha spray, gusenya ubushyuhe n'izindi koranabuhanga, umuti wa ammonium molybdate ushobora gukoreshwa nk'intangiriro yo gutegura ifu ya bumba ishingiye kuri molybdenum (nk'ibumba rya piezoelectric ceramics rya lead molybdate) rifite imiterere yihariye y'amashanyarazi, optique cyangwa catalytic, hamwe n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gusiga (nk'ibumba ridashira, ibumba rigenzura ubushyuhe).
Aho bitangirira ku mvange nshya za molybdenum: Nk'isoko ya molybdenum, ammonium molybdate ikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa bya laboratwari no mu nganda mu gukora molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂, amavuta akomeye, ibikoresho bya litiyumu negative electrode), polyoxometalates zishingiye kuri molybdenum (polyoxometalates zifite imiterere ya catalytic, antiviral, magnetic n'indi), hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bikora bya molybdates (nk'ibikoresho bya photocatalytic, ibikoresho bya fluorescent).
6. Inganda z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga: "intwari iri inyuma y'ibishushanyo" mu gukora ibintu bigezweho
Mu gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, ammonium molybdate yasanze hari uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha:
Inyongerera-bushyuhe igabanya ubushyuhe: Hari ubwoko bumwe burimo ammonium molybdate bukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibikoresho bya polymer (nk'insinga n'insinga za pulasitiki, substrates za circuit board), binyuze mu guteza imbere karuboni no guhindura inzira yo kubora kw'ubushyuhe, kunoza urwego rw'ubushyuhe igabanya ubushyuhe no gukumira umwotsi w'ibikoresho.
Ibice byo gushushanya n'ibice byo gushushanya: Mu buryo bwihariye bwo gushushanya cyangwa gushushanya, ammonium molybdate ishobora gukoreshwa nk'inyongera kugira ngo yongere ububengerane, kudasaza, cyangwa kurwanya ingese ku gitambaro.
Kuva ku mutima wo gutunganya peteroli utwara amato manini mu ngendo ndende kugeza ku nkingo ibuza ingese irinda ibikoresho by'ubuhanga; Kuva ku kintu cyoroheje kigaragaza ibimenyetso bya fosifore mu isi ntoya, kugeza ku kintu cy’ingenzi gitunga imirima minini; Kuva ku magufwa akomeye y’ibirungo bishyushye cyane kugeza ku isoko nshya y’ibikoresho bigezweho - ikarita y’ikoreshwa ryamolybdate ya ammonium- byemeza byimazeyo aho imiti y'ibanze iherereye mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya none.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-05-2025