aside ihoraho(HIO ₄) ni aside ikomeye y’ingenzi idakora kandi ifite akamaro kanini nk’umusemburo mu nzego zitandukanye za siyansi n’inganda. Iyi nkuru izatanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku miterere y’iyi mvange yihariye n’ikoreshwa ryayo mu nzego zitandukanye.
Imiterere ya aside isanzwe
Periodine ni aside ya iyode ifite ogisijeni nyinshi cyane (+7 valence), ikunze kugaragara mu ma kristu adafite ibara cyangwa mu buryo bw'ifu yera. Ifite ibi bikurikira by'ingenzi:
Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukaraba:Ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya busanzwe kugeza kuri 1.6V, ishobora gukurura ibintu bitandukanye by’umwimerere n’ibitari umwimerere
Gushonga kw'amazi:Ishonga cyane mu mazi, ikora umuti udafite ibara
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe:izabora iyo ishyushye hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 100
Ubushyuhe:ni aside ikomeye, yitandukanya burundu n'amazi
Ahantu hakuru hakoreshwa
1. Ikoreshwa mu buhanga mu by'ubutabire
(1) Uburyo Malaprade yakira
Uburyo buzwi cyane bwo gukoresha aside isanzwe ni mu isesengura ry’ibinyabutabire bya karubohidrati. Ishobora cyane cyane ogisijeni no gusenya imiterere ya diol yegeranye (nk'ibinyabutabire bya cis diol mu molecule za karubohidrati) kugira ngo ikore aldehydes cyangwa ketone zijyanye nayo. Iyi reaction ikoreshwa cyane kuri:
-Isesengura ry'imiterere ya polysaccharide
-Kugena imiterere y'uruhererekane rw'isukari muri glycoproteins
-Isesengura ry'uruhererekane rwa nucleotide
(2) Kugena imvange y'ibinyabuzima
Uburyo bwo gupima ikirere bushobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya:
-Glycerol n'ibikubiye muri esters
-Ingano ya aside amine ya Alfa
-Ibinyabutabire bimwe na bimwe bya phenolic
2. Ikoreshwa mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho
(1) Inganda z'ikoranabuhanga
-Gutunganya ibikoresho bya semiconductor hejuru
-Gushushanya uduce duto tw’amadirishya (PCBs)
-Gusukura ibice by'ikoranabuhanga
(2) Gutunganya ibyuma
-Gutunganya icyuma kitagira umugese gikoresha ibyuma bitagira umugese
-Gusukura no gutunganya ibyuma mbere yo kubikora
-Intambwe zo gukuraho ogisijeni mu gikorwa cyo gushyiramo amashanyarazi
3. Urwego rw'ubuvuzi
(1) Gusiga irangi ry'amateka
Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi rya aside Schiff (PAS) ni uburyo bw'ingenzi mu gusuzuma indwara:
-Ikoreshwa mu gupima polysaccharides na glycoproteins mu ngingo
-Kugaragaza uturemangingo two munsi y'ubutaka, urukuta rw'uturemangingo tw'ibihumyo n'ibindi bintu
-Gusuzuma indwara zimwe na zimwe z'ibibyimba mu buryo bw'inyongera
(2) Ibimenyetso bya Biomolecular
-Isesengura ry'ahantu hakorerwa glycosylation ya poroteyine
-Ubushakashatsi ku misokoro y'isukari ku buso bw'uturemangingo
4. Ikoreshwa mu guhuza ibintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima
Nk'umuti utoranya okisidanti, igira uruhare mu bikorwa bitandukanye by'ibinyabuzima:
-Dihydroxylation ya olefini
-Guhitamo okiside y'alkoholi
-Gukuraho ingaruka z'amatsinda amwe n'amwe yo kurinda
Ingamba zo kwirinda
Ugomba kwitondera iyo ukoresha aside isanzwe:
1. Kwangirika: Kwangirika gukomeye ku ruhu, amaso, n'imitsi
2. Ingaruka zo kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire: Gukora ku bintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima bishobora gutera inkongi cyangwa guturika
3. Ibisabwa mu kubika: Bika ahantu hakonje, hafunze neza kandi hakonje
4. Kwirinda: Mu gihe cy'igerageza, ugomba kwambara amadarubindi yo kwirinda, uturindantoki, n'imyenda yo kwirinda
Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ubuhanga bwo gusesengura no guteza imbere ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho, amashami y'ikoreshwa rya aside isanzwe aracyari kwiyongera
Gutunganya ibintu bya nanomaterial: nk'ikintu gitera okisidasiyo gifite uruhare mu gutegura ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya nanomaterial
Uburyo bushya bwo gusesengura: buhujwe n'ibikoresho bigezweho byo gusesengura nka spectrometry y'ubusa
Ubutabire bw'icyatsi: Guteza imbere inzira ibungabunga ibidukikije yo kongera gukoresha aside isanzwe
Periodidate, nk'umuti ufasha mu kugabanya ubushyuhe kandi wihariye, igira uruhare rudasimburwa mu nzego zitandukanye kuva ku bushakashatsi bw'ibanze kugeza ku musaruro w'inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 10 Mata 2025