Ammonium molybdate, chinthu chosapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi molybdenum, oxygen, nitrogen, ndi hydrogen (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa ammonium tetramolybdate kapena ammonium heptamolybdate), chakhala chikuposa ntchito yake monga reagent ya labotale chifukwa cha mankhwala ake apadera - ntchito yabwino kwambiri yothandiza, kuthekera kopanga ma precipitates kapena ma complexes okhala ndi ma phosphate ions, komanso kuthekera kowola kukhala ma molybdenum oxides ogwira ntchito kapena metallic molybdenum pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake. Chakhala mwala wapangodya wofunikira kwambiri wothandizira magawo ambiri ofunikira monga mafakitale amakono, ulimi, sayansi ya zida, ndi kuyesa zachilengedwe.
1. Injini yayikulu m'munda wa catalysis: kuyendetsa mphamvu zoyera komanso makampani opanga mankhwala ogwira ntchito bwino
Mu gawo la catalysis,ammonium molybdateikhoza kuonedwa ngati "mwala wapangodya". Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikupanga ma catalyst opangira madzi (HDS catalyst for desulfurization, HDN catalyst for denitrification). Potengera kuyeretsa mafuta monga chitsanzo, ammonium molybdate yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi:
Kuchotsa sulfurization ndi denitrification yakuya: Molybdenum oxide yomwe imapangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ammonium molybdate imayikidwa pa chonyamulira alumina ndipo imaphatikizidwa ndi cobalt kapena nickel oxides kuti ipange choyambira cha gawo logwira ntchito la chothandizira. Chothandizira ichi chimatha kuwola bwino ndikusintha ma organic sulfides (monga thiophene) ndi ma nitrides achilengedwe mu mafuta osakonzedwa ndi magawo ake (monga dizilo ndi petulo) kukhala hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, ndi ma hydrocarbons okhuta mosavuta m'malo otentha komanso opanikizika kwambiri a hydrogen. Izi sizimangochepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa sulfure m'mafuta agalimoto (kukwaniritsa malamulo okhwima kwambiri azachilengedwe monga miyezo ya Euro VI), kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa asidi ndi PM2.5 precursor SOx, komanso kumathandizira kukhazikika kwa mafuta ndi magwiridwe antchito a injini.
Ntchito Zowonjezera: Mu njira yosankha ya hydrogenation ya malasha, kuyeretsa mafuta ndi mafuta kuti apange mafuta a masamba kapena biodiesel ya chakudya, komanso mankhwala osiyanasiyana achilengedwe, ma catalyst opangidwa ndi ammonium molybdate nawonso amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri, kuyendetsa bwino komanso koyera kwa gudumu lalikulu.
2. Wolamulira wakale wa chemistry yosanthula: "diso lagolide" lodziwira molondola
"Njira ya buluu ya molybdenum" yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi ammonium molybdate mu chemistry yowunikira ndiyo muyezo wagolide wopezera kuchuluka kwa phosphate (PO ₄³ ⁻), womwe waperekedwa
kuyesedwa kwa zaka zana limodzi:
Mfundo yofunikira pakukula kwa mitundu: Mu acidity medium, ma phosphate ions amachita ndi ammonium molybdate kuti apange chikasu cha phosphomolybdic acid complex. Chomerachi chingachepetsedwe mwa kusankha zinthu monga ascorbic acid ndi stannous chloride, zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu wa buluu wakuya wa "molybdenum blue". Kuzama kwa mtundu wake kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa phosphate pamlingo winawake (monga 880nm).
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu: Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyang'anira chilengedwe (kuwunika chiopsezo cha eutrophication m'madzi apamwamba ndi kuchuluka kwa phosphorous m'madzi otayira), kafukufuku waulimi (kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi feteleza m'nthaka), mafakitale azakudya (kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa phosphorous m'zakumwa ndi zowonjezera), ndi biochemistry (kusanthula kwa phosphorous yopanda organic mu seramu ndi metabolites ya maselo) chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwake kwakukulu (mlingo woyezera), ntchito yosavuta, komanso mtengo wotsika. Imapereka chithandizo chodalirika cha deta yoteteza khalidwe la madzi, feteleza wolondola, komanso kafukufuku wa sayansi ya moyo.
3. Udindo wapawiri wa kukonza zitsulo ndi zitsulo: katswiri woteteza ndi kuyeretsa
Choletsa dzimbiri chogwira ntchito bwino: Ammonium molybdate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati choletsa dzimbiri chowononga madzi m'mafakitale (monga makina akuluakulu oziziritsira mpweya, madzi ophikira boiler) ndi choziziritsira injini zamagalimoto chifukwa cha kusamala chilengedwe (poizoni wochepa poyerekeza ndi chromate) komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri. Chimasungunuka pamwamba pa zitsulo (makamaka zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu) kuti chipange filimu yolimba komanso yomatira kwambiri yochokera ku molybdenum (monga iron molybdate ndi calcium molybdate), yomwe imaletsa dzimbiri la substrate ndi madzi, mpweya wosungunuka, ndi ma ayoni owononga (monga Cl ⁻), zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri moyo wa ntchito ya zida.
Magwero a molybdenum ndi zitsulo zosungunula: ammonium molybdate yoyera kwambiri ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira ufa wa molybdenum woyera kwambiri. Ufa wa molybdenum womwe umakwaniritsa zofunikira za zitsulo zosungunula ungapangidwe mwa kuwongolera molondola njira zochepetsera calcination ndi kuchepetsa (nthawi zambiri mumlengalenga wa hydrogen). Ufa wa molybdenum uwu ukhoza kukonzedwanso kuti upange zinthu zotenthetsera ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri, zophikira zamakampani a semiconductor, zitsulo zosungunula za molybdenum zogwira ntchito kwambiri (monga zitsulo zosungunula za molybdenum titanium zirconium zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosungunula kwambiri), komanso zinthu zapamwamba monga zotchingira.
4. Ulimi: 'Chikondwerero cha Moyo' cha Zinthu Zosaoneka
Molybdenum ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa zomera ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya nitrogenase ndi nitrate reductase.
Maziko a feteleza wa Molybdenum: Ammonium molybdate (makamaka ammonium tetramolybdate) ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira feteleza wa molybdenum wothandiza chifukwa cha kusungunuka bwino kwa madzi komanso kupezeka kwa bioavailability. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji kapena kupopera ngati feteleza wa masamba kumatha kupewa ndikukonza zizindikiro za kusowa kwa molybdenum (monga chikasu cha masamba, kupunduka - "matenda a mchira wa whip", kuletsa kukula) mu mbewu za nyemba (monga soya ndi alfalfa zomwe zimadalira rhizobia kuti zikhazikitse nayitrogeni) ndi mbewu zouma (monga kolifulawa ndi mbewu za rapeseed).
Kuchulukitsa zokolola ndi kukweza ubwino: Kuwonjezera feteleza wa ammonium molybdate mokwanira kungathandize kwambiri kuti nayitrogeni igwire bwino ntchito, kuonjezera kapangidwe ka mapuloteni, kulimbitsa kukana kupsinjika maganizo, ndipo pamapeto pake kupititsa patsogolo zokolola ndi ubwino wa mbewu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chili bwino komanso chitukuko cha ulimi chokhazikika.
5. Sayansi ya Zipangizo: 'Magwero a Nzeru' a Zipangizo Zogwira Ntchito
Mphamvu yosinthira mankhwala ya ammonium molybdate imapereka njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira zinthu zapamwamba:
Zoumbaumba zogwira ntchito komanso zophimba zoyambira: kudzera mu sol gel, kupopera mankhwala, kuwola kwa kutentha ndi ukadaulo wina, yankho la ammonium molybdate lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati choyambira kukonzekera ufa wa ceramic wochokera ku molybdenum (monga lead molybdate piezoelectric ceramics) wokhala ndi mphamvu zapadera zamagetsi, kuwala kapena zoyambitsa, ndi zophimba zogwira ntchito (monga zophimba zoteteza kukalamba, zophimba zowongolera kutentha).
Poyambira mankhwala atsopano a molybdenum: Monga gwero la molybdenum, ammonium molybdate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma laboratories ndi mafakitale popanga molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂, mafuta olimba, zinthu za lithiamu negative electrode), polyoxometalates zochokera ku molybdenum (polyoxometalates yokhala ndi zinthu zoyambitsa, zotsutsana ndi mavairasi, zamaginito ndi zina), ndi zinthu zina zogwira ntchito za molybdates (monga zinthu zowunikira, zinthu zowunikira).
6. Makampani a zamagetsi: "ngwazi yodziwika bwino" yopanga zinthu molondola
Pakupanga zamagetsi molondola, ammonium molybdate yapezanso ntchito zinazake:
Chowonjezera choletsa moto: Mafomula ena okhala ndi ammonium molybdate amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu za polima (monga zigawo zapulasitiki zotetezera mawaya ndi zingwe, magawo a bolodi la circuit), mwa kulimbikitsa carbonization ndikusintha njira yowola kutentha, kukonza kuchuluka kwa choletsa moto komanso magwiridwe antchito oletsa utsi pazinthuzo.
Kupaka ndi zinthu zina zopaka ndi mankhwala: Mu njira zinazake zopaka ndi kuyika ndi alloy kapena njira zopaka ndi mankhwala, ammonium molybdate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera kuti iwonjezere kunyezimira, kukana kuvala, kapena kukana dzimbiri kwa chophimbacho.
Kuchokera ku mtima woyenga mafuta womwe umayendetsa zombo zazikulu paulendo wautali kupita ku chishango choletsa dzimbiri chomwe chimateteza zida zolondola; Kuchokera ku reagent yomvera yomwe imavumbula kutsalira kwa zinthu za phosphorous m'dziko laling'ono kwambiri, kupita ku mthenga wa zinthu zotsalira zomwe zimadyetsa minda yayikulu; Kuchokera ku mafupa olimba a zitsulo zotentha kwambiri kupita ku gwero latsopano la zipangizo zogwirira ntchito zamakono - mapu ogwiritsira ntchito aammonium molybdate- kutsimikizira kwambiri malo ofunikira a mankhwala oyambira mu chitukuko chaukadaulo wamakono.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-05-2025