Lithium hydride (LiH), ib qho yooj yim binary compound tsim los ntawm lithium thiab hydrogen, sawv ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb txawm tias nws zoo li cov qauv yooj yim. Zoo li nyuaj, bluish-dawb crystals, no inorganic ntsev muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj reactivity thiab lub cev lub zog uas tau ruaj ntseg nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg thiab feem ntau tseem ceeb daim ntawv thov, xws li zoo tshuaj synthesis mus rau cutting-edge chaw technology. Nws txoj kev taug kev los ntawm kev xav paub hauv chav kuaj mus rau cov khoom siv uas ua rau cov thev naus laus zis siab ua kom pom nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg li.
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab kev txiav txim siab
Lithium hydride yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws lub siab melting point (kwv yees li 680 ° C) thiab qis dua li ntawm 0.78 g / cmÃ), ua nws ib qho ntawm lub teeb ionic tebchaw. Nws crystallizes nyob rau hauv lub cubic pob zeb- ntsev qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov kev cai tswj, yog nws qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo nrog cov dej noo. LiH yog hygroscopic heev thiab flammable nyob rau hauv noo noo. Thaum muaj kev sib cuag nrog dej lossis txawm tias huab cua nyob hauv huab cua, nws dhau los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab nraud: LiH + H₂O → LiOH + H₂. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tso tawm cov pa roj hydrogen sai, uas yog cov nplaim taws heev thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj heev yog tias tsis tswj tau. Yog li ntawd, LiH yuav tsum tau tuav thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv nruj me ntsis inert tej yam kev mob, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib tug huab cua ntawm qhuav argon los yog nitrogen, siv tshwj xeeb cov tswv yim xws li hnab looj tes los yog Schlenk kab. Qhov kev rov ua haujlwm tam sim no, thaum muaj kev sib tw tuav, kuj yog lub hauv paus ntawm ntau yam ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig.
Core Industrial thiab Chemical Applications
1.Precursor rau Complex Hydrides: Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev lag luam siv ntawm LiH yog cov khoom tseem ceeb pib rau kev tsim cov Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH₄), lub hauv paus pob zeb reagent hauv cov organic thiab inorganic chemistry. LiAlH₄ yog synthesized los ntawm reacting LiH nrog txhuas chloride (AlCl₃) nyob rau hauv ethereal solvents. LiAlH₄ nws tus kheej yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thiab muaj ntau yam kev txo tus neeg sawv cev, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo qis carbonyl pawg, carboxylic acids, esters, thiab ntau lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj, tshuaj zoo, thiab cov khoom siv polymer. Yog tsis muaj LiH, kev lag luam loj-kev sib txuas ntawm LiAlH₄ yuav ua tsis tau.
2.Silane Production: LiH plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntawm silane (SiH₄), ib qho tseem ceeb precursor rau ultra-ntshiab silicon siv nyob rau hauv semiconductor li thiab hnub ci hlwb. Txoj kev lag luam tseem ceeb suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm LiH nrog silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄): 4 LiH + SiCl₄ → SiH₄ + 4 LiCl. Silane cov kev xav tau siab purity ua rau LiH-raws li txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab photovoltaics.
3.Powerful Reducing Agent: Ncaj nraim, LiH ua tus neeg saib xyuas muaj zog hauv ob qho tib si organic thiab inorganic synthesis. Nws muaj zog txo hwj chim (tus qauv txo qhov peev xwm ~ -2.25 V) tso cai rau nws kom txo tau ntau yam hlau oxides, halides, thiab unsaturated organic tebchaw nyob rau hauv high-temperature tej yam kev mob los yog nyob rau hauv tej yam hnyav systems. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov hlau hydrides lossis txo qis cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas tsis tshua muaj cov tshuaj reagents.
4.Condensation Agent nyob rau hauv Organic Synthesis: LiH nrhiav tau daim ntawv thov raws li ib tug condensation tus neeg sawv cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li cov Knoevenagel condensation los yog aldol-hom tshuaj. Nws tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus rau deprotonate acidic substrates, ua kom yooj yim rau carbon-carbon daim ntawv cog lus. Nws qhov zoo dua feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv nws cov kev xaiv thiab solubility ntawm lithium ntsev tsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam.
5.Portable Hydrogen Source: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog ntawm LiH nrog dej los tsim cov pa roj hydrogen ua rau nws yog ib tus neeg sib tw txaus nyiam raws li qhov chaw ntawm hydrogen. Cov cuab yeej no tau tshawb nrhiav rau cov ntawv thov xws li roj hlwb (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau niche, siab-zog-density yuav tsum), inflators thaum muaj xwm ceev, thiab kuaj-scale hydrogen tiam uas tswj tau tso tawm. Thaum cov kev sib tw muaj feem xyuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kinetics, kev tswj cua sov, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lithium hydroxide los ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob, qhov siab hydrogen cia muaj peev xwm los ntawm qhov hnyav (LiH muaj ~ 12.6 wt% H₂ tso tawm ntawm H₂O) tseem ceeb rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog piv rau cov roj compressed.
Advanced Material Applications: Shielding and Energy Storage
1.Lightweight Nuclear Shielding Materials: Tshaj nws cov tshuaj reactivity, LiH muaj lub cev tshwj xeeb rau kev siv nuclear. Nws cov atomic naj npawb tsawg tsawg (lithium thiab hydrogen) ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab nqus cov neutrons thermal los ntawm ⁶Li (n, α)³H ntes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov proton tawg. Qhov tseem ceeb, nws lub ntom ntom ntom heev ua rau nws lub ntsej muag cov ntaub thaiv cov ntaub thaiv npog, muab cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj cov khoom siv lossis pob zeb ua kom hnyav. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig hauv aerospace (shielding spacecraft electronics and crew), portable neutron sources, and nuclear transport casks where minimizing mass is the tseem ceeb. LiH tiv thaiv tau zoo los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hluav taws xob neutron.
2.Thermal Energy Storage for Space Power Systems: Tej zaum qhov feem ntau futuristic thiab nquag tshawb fawb daim ntawv thov yog siv LiH rau khaws cia thermal zog rau qhov chaw fais fab. Qhov chaw tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov venturing deb ntawm lub hnub (xws li, mus rau lub ntiaj teb sab nrauv los yog lunar ncej thaum hmo ntuj), yuav tsum muaj lub zog muaj zog uas tsis muaj hnub ci irradiance. Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) hloov cov cua sov los ntawm cov xov tooj cua decaying (xws li Plutonium-238) rau hauv hluav taws xob. LiH tau raug tshuaj xyuas raws li cov khoom siv Thermal Energy Storage (TES) nrog rau cov tshuab no. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus leverages LiH lub siab kub latent ntawm fusion (melting point ~ 680 ° C, kub ntawm fusion ~ 2,950 J / g - ho siab dua li cov ntsev xws li NaCl los yog hnub ci ntsev). Molten LiH tuaj yeem nqus cov cua sov los ntawm RTG thaum lub sijhawm "them." Thaum lub sij hawm dab noj hnub lossis lub zog siab tshaj plaws, cov cua kub uas khaws cia tau tso tawm raws li LiH solidifies, tswj qhov kub thiab txias rau cov thermoelectric converters thiab ua kom ntseeg tau cov hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua, txhim khu kev qha hluav taws xob txawm tias thaum thawj qhov hluav taws xob hloov pauv lossis thaum lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj. Kev tshawb fawb tsom mus rau kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom, kev ruaj ntseg mus sij hawm ntev nyob rau hauv thermal cycling, thiab optimizing lub system tsim kom muaj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev ntseeg siab hauv qhov chaw hnyav. NASA thiab lwm lub chaw saib xyuas qhov chaw saib LiH-raws li TES yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis rau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw sib sib zog nqus mus ntev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hli.
Ntxiv Utility: Desiccant Properties
Leveraging nws affinity affinity rau dej, LiH kuj ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug zoo heev desiccant rau ziab gases thiab cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau tsis tshua muaj ya raws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem nrog dej (siv LiH thiab tsim H₂ roj thiab LiOH) thiab cov teeb meem cuam tshuam txhais tau tias nws feem ntau tsuas yog siv qhov chaw desiccants xws li molecular sieves lossis phosphorus pentoxide tsis txaus, lossis qhov twg nws cov reactivity ua ob lub hom phiaj.
Lithium hydride, nrog nws qhov txawv xim xiav-dawb crystals thiab muaj zog reactivity ntawm ya raws, yog ntau tshaj li ib tug yooj yim tshuaj compound. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam precursor rau tseem ceeb reagents zoo li lithium aluminium hydride thiab silane, ib tug haib ncaj reductant thiab condensation tus neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv synthesis, thiab ib qhov chaw ntawm portable hydrogen. Tshaj kev chemicalsistry, nws cov khoom siv lub cev tshwj xeeb - tshwj xeeb nws cov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsawg thiab hydrogen / Lithium cov ntsiab lus - tau ua rau nws thev naus laus zis siab. Nws ua hauj lwm ua ib qho tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob nuclear thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm kev tshawb fawb rau kev ua kom muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tiam tom ntej los ntawm high-density thermal zog cia. Thaum thov kom ceev faj tuav vim nws qhov xwm txheej pyrophoric, qhov kev siv ntau yam ntawm lithium hydride ua kom nws muaj feem cuam tshuam txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws ntau qhov kev qhuab qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim vaj tsev, los ntawm chav kuaj lub rooj ntev zaum mus rau qhov tob ntawm interplanetary qhov chaw. Nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhawb nqa ob qho tib si hauv paus hauv kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw pioneering underscores nws enduring tus nqi raws li ib tug khoom ntawm high zog ceev thiab nws functionality.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-30-2025