ʻO Ammonium molybdate, kahi hui inorganic i haku ʻia me ka molybdenum, oxygen, nitrogen, a me nā mea hydrogen (i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ammonium tetramolybdate a i ʻole ammonium heptamolybdate), ua lōʻihi kona hana ma ke ʻano he reagent laboratory ma muli o kona mau waiwai kemika kū hoʻokahi - ka hana catalytic maikaʻi loa, ka hiki ke hana i nā precipitates a i ʻole nā complexes me nā ions phosphate, a me ka hiki ke decompose i loko o nā molybdenum oxides hana a i ʻole ka metallic molybdenum ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī. Ua lilo ia i kihi kemika koʻikoʻi e kākoʻo ana i nā kahua koʻikoʻi he nui e like me ka ʻoihana hou, ka mahiʻai, ka ʻepekema mea, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kaiapuni.
1.ʻO ka mīkini koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ka catalysis: ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ikehu maʻemaʻe a me ka ʻoihana kemika kūpono
Ma ke kahua o ka catalysis,ʻamonia molybdatehiki ke manaʻo ʻia he "mea maka kihi". ʻO kāna kumu nui ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoulu hydroprocessing (mea hoʻoulu HDS no ka desulfurization, mea hoʻoulu HDN no ka denitrification). Ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka ammonium molybdate i hoʻopau ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻohana ʻia no kēia kumu:
ʻO ka desulfurization hohonu a me ka denitrification: ʻO ka molybdenum oxide i hana ʻia e ka decomposition o ka ammonium molybdate ua hoʻouka ʻia ma luna o kahi mea lawe alumina a hui pū ʻia me nā cobalt a i ʻole nickel oxides e hana i ka precursor o ka ʻāpana hana o ka catalyst. Hiki i kēia catalyst ke decompose pono a hoʻololi i nā sulfides organik (e like me thiophene) a me nā nitrides organik i loko o ka ʻaila maka a me kāna mau ʻāpana (e like me ka diesel a me ka gasoline) i loko o ka hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, a me nā hydrocarbons saturated maʻalahi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi hydrogen wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole wale kēia e hōʻemi nui i ka nui o ka sulfur o nā wahie kaʻa (e hoʻokō ana i nā lula kaiapuni paʻa e like me nā kūlana Euro VI), hoʻemi i nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ua waikawa a me ka PM2.5 precursor SOx, akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ke kūpaʻa wahie a me ka hana ʻenekini.
Ke hoʻonui nei i nā noi: I ke kaʻina hana hydrogenation koho o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka lanahu, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hydrogenation aila a me ka momona e hana i ka ʻaila mea kanu papa meaʻai a biodiesel paha, a me nā huahana kemika organik like ʻole, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā mea hoʻouluulu e pili ana i ka ammonium molybdate, e hoʻokele ana i ka hana pono a maʻemaʻe o ka huila nui.
2. ʻO ke aliʻi maʻamau o ke kemika analytical: ka "maka gula" no ka ʻike pololei
ʻO ke "ʻano hana polū molybdenum" i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ammonium molybdate i ka kemika analytical ʻo ia ke kūlana gula no ka ʻike ʻana i ka phosphate (PO₄³⁻), kahi i hana ʻia
hoʻāʻo ʻia no hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki:
Kumumanaʻo hoʻomohala kala: I loko o kahi ʻano waikawa, hana nā iona phosphate me ka ammonium molybdate e hana i kahi hui melemele phosphomolybdic acid. Hiki ke hoʻemi koho ʻia kēia hui ma o nā mea hoʻemi e like me ka ascorbic acid a me ka stannous chloride, e hana ana i kahi kala polū hohonu "molybdenum blue". ʻO ka hohonu o kona kala e pili pono ana i ka nui o ka phosphate ma kahi nalu kikoʻī (e like me 880nm).
Hoʻohana ākea: Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni (loiloi o ka pilikia eutrophication i loko o ka wai ʻili a me ka nui o ka phosphorus wai hoʻoneoneo), noiʻi mahiʻai (hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o ka phosphorus i loaʻa i ka lepo a me ka nui o ka phosphorus mea hoʻouluulu), ʻoihana meaʻai (kaohi ʻana i ka nui o ka phosphorus i nā mea inu a me nā mea hoʻohui), a me ka biochemistry (ka nānā ʻana i ka phosphorus inorganic i loko o ke serum a me nā metabolites cellular) ma muli o kona ʻike kiʻekiʻe (pae trace hiki ke ana ʻia), hana maʻalahi, a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa. Hāʻawi ia i ke kākoʻo ʻikepili hilinaʻi no ka pale ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pololei, a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema ola.
3. Kūlana pālua o ka hana metala a me ka metallurgy: loea i ka pale a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe
Mea hoʻopau ʻino maikaʻi: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Ammonium molybdate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopau ʻino anodic i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻoihana (e like me nā ʻōnaehana wai hoʻoluʻu ea kikowaena nui, ka wai hānai paila) a me ka mea hoʻoluʻu mīkini kaʻa ma muli o kona ʻoluʻolu i ke kaiapuni (haʻahaʻa ka ʻawahia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka chromate) a me ka hana maikaʻi loa. Hoʻopau ia ma luna o ka ʻili o nā metala (ʻoi aku ka kila a me nā mea hao alumini) e hana i kahi kiʻi passivation molybdenum paʻa a paʻa loa (e like me ka hao molybdate a me ka calcium molybdate), e pale pono ana i ka pala o ka substrate e ka wai, ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a me nā ion corrosive (e like me Cl⁻), e hoʻolōʻihi nui ana i ke ola lawelawe o nā lako.
ʻO ke kumu o ka molybdenum metala a me nā mea hoʻohuihui: ʻo ka ammonium molybdate maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe kahi mea nui no ka hana ʻana i ka pauka molybdenum metala maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka pauka Molybdenum e hoʻokō ana i nā koi o ka metallurgy pauka ma o ka kaohi pololei ʻana i nā kaʻina hana calcination a me ka hōʻemi (maʻamau i loko o ka lewa hydrogen). Hiki ke hana hou ʻia kēia mau pauka molybdenum e hana i nā mea hoʻomehana umu wela kiʻekiʻe, nā ipu hoʻoheheʻe ʻoihana semiconductor, nā mea hoʻohuihui molybdenum hana kiʻekiʻe (e like me nā mea hoʻohuihui molybdenum titanium zirconium i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe aerospace), a me nā huahana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā pahuhopu sputtering.
4. Mahiʻai: He 'Hoʻolauleʻa o ke Ola' no nā ʻElemene Trace
ʻO Molybdenum kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi no nā mea kanu a he mea nui ia no ka hana o ka nitrogenase a me ka nitrate reductase.
ʻO ke kumu hoʻouluulu Molybdenum: ʻO Ammonium molybdate (ʻoi aku ka ammonium tetramolybdate) ka mea nui no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻouluulu molybdenum kūpono ma muli o kona solubility wai maikaʻi a me ka bioavailability. ʻO ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana a i ʻole ka pīpī ʻana e like me ka mea hoʻouluulu foliar hiki ke pale a hoʻoponopono i nā hōʻailona hemahema molybdenum (e like me ka melemele lau, nā deformities - "maʻi huelo whip", ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana) i nā mea kanu leguminous (e like me ka soybeans a me ka alfalfa e hilinaʻi nei i ka rhizobia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka nitrogen) a me nā mea kanu cruciferous (e like me ka cauliflower a me ka rapeseed).
Ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hua a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi: ʻO ka hoʻopihapiha kūpono o ka mea hoʻouluulu ammonium molybdate hiki ke hoʻoikaika nui i ka pono o ka metabolism nitrogen o nā mea kanu, hoʻonui i ka synthesis protein, hoʻoikaika i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kaumaha, a hoʻomaikaʻi hope i ka hua a me ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu, he mea nui ia no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana o ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai hoʻomau.
5. ʻEpekema Mea Hana: Ke 'Kumu o ka Naʻauao' no nā Mea Hana Hana
ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻololi kemika o ka ammonium molybdate e hāʻawi i kahi ala koʻikoʻi no ka synthesis o nā mea holomua:
Nā keramika hana a me nā mea mua o ka uhi ʻana: ma o ka sol gel, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka pīpī, ka decomposition thermal a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hopena ammonium molybdate ma ke ʻano he mea mua e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā pauka keramika i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka molybdenum (e like me nā keramika piezoelectric lead molybdate) me nā waiwai uila, optical a catalytic kūikawā, a me nā uhi hana (e like me nā uhi pale ʻaʻahu, nā uhi hoʻomalu thermal).
Kahi hoʻomaka o nā hui molybdenum hou: Ma ke ʻano he kumu molybdenum, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ammonium molybdate i nā noi hale hana a me nā ʻoihana e synthesize i ka molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂, lubricant paʻa, mea electrode lithium maikaʻi ʻole), polyoxometalates i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka molybdenum (polyoxometalates me catalytic, antiviral, magnetic a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe), a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe o nā molybdates (e like me nā mea photocatalytic, nā mea fluorescent).
6. ʻO ka ʻoihana uila: ke "hero ma hope o nā hiʻohiʻona" o ka hana ʻana i ka hana pololei
I ka hana uila pololei, ua loaʻa pū ka ammonium molybdate i nā noi kikoʻī:
Hoʻonui i ka lapalapa ahi: Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano hana i loaʻa ka ammonium molybdate e mālama i nā mea polymer (e like me nā papa insulation plastic no nā uea a me nā kaula, nā substrates papa kaapuni), ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka carbonization a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ala decomposition thermal, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka helu lapalapa ahi a me ka hana hoʻopau uahi o ka mea.
ʻO nā ʻāpana electroplating a me nā kemika plating: I loko o nā kaʻina hana electroplating alloy a i ʻole kemika plating, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ammonium molybdate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōlinolino, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, a i ʻole ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala o ka uhi ʻana.
Mai ka puʻuwai hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila e hoʻokele ana i nā moku nunui ma nā huakaʻi lōʻihi a hiki i ka pale pale ʻino e pale ana i nā mea hana pololei; Mai kahi reagent koʻikoʻi e hōʻike ana i ke koena o nā mea phosphorus i loko o ke ao microscopic, i kahi ʻelele o nā mea trace e hānai ana i nā mahina ākea; Mai nā iwi paʻakikī o nā mea hoʻohuihui wela kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ke kumu hou o nā mea hana ʻoi loa - ka palapala noi oʻamonia molybdate- hōʻoia koʻikoʻi i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi o nā kemika kumu i ka ʻenehana loea hou.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-05-2025